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最新刊期
卷 49 ， 期 23 ， 2025
- 摘要：With the large-scale integration of power electronic devices and renewable energy units, the electromagnetic transient characteristics of power systems have changed significantly, and multiple types of harmonic disturbances such as transient harmonic, harmonic resonance, and harmonic instability, occur frequently. Although all these terms contain the word “harmonic”, indicating broadband waveform distortion in voltage or current, strictly speaking, these harmonic disturbances belong to different research fields within the power system and require different modeling and analysis methods. At present, few study has explored the interrelations among multi-type harmonic disturbances. This paper first focuses on resonance to explain the correlations among various types of harmonic disturbances and the necessity of comprehensive assessment. Then, it reviews commonly used modeling methods for various harmonic disturbances, explores the inherent connections between the harmonic state space (HSS) theory and other mainstream modeling methods, and discusses its advantages in generalized modeling and mechanism interpretation. Furthermore, using a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system as an example, an HSS model is established to analyze the dynamic process of transient harmonics, harmonic propagation characteristics, and the risk of harmonic instability. The results show that the HSS model effectively reveals the harmonic coupling characteristics of HVDC transmission systems in both transient and steady-state conditions through the harmonic coupling matrix, and the linearized harmonic instability analysis has higher accuracy. Finally, in view of the high dimensionality and long computation time of the HSS model, this paper proposes a prospect of data-driven enhancement for HSS modeling and analysis, to further promote the application of HSS in the analysis of various harmonic disturbances in new power systems.关键词：new power system;power quality;transient harmonic;steady-state harmonic;high-voltage direct current (HVDC);harmonic resonance;frequency-domain modeling;harmonic state space2|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
Review·Perspective
- 摘要：The shared energy storage mode not only fully leverages the flexible regulation advantages of energy storage, but also further reduces operation costs and enhances economic benefits. However, how to provide users more flexible shared services is a key issue. To address this issue, a two-stage service mechanism for shared energy storage based on time-slot capacity leasing and energy trading is proposed. In the first stage of “resource allocation”, the energy storage operator decides the resource allocation of energy storage between capacity leasing and energy trading services according to the demands proposed by renewable energy stations. In the second stage of “multi-round bidding-winning”, the stations and energy storage operators engage in multiple rounds of iterative decision-making regarding the demand and supply of energy storage services. Among them, the prices for capacity leasing and energy trading are determined by the leasing duration and the energy supply to demand ratio, respectively. On this basis, decision optimization models are established for both the renewable energy stations and the energy storage operators, and the models are solved after linearization. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can enhance the economic benefits of participants, while the proposed pricing strategy increases the enthusiasm of stations to participate in shared energy storage tradings.关键词：shared energy storage;capacity leasing;energy trading;resource allocation;pricing mechanism;linearization3|1|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：The regional integrated energy system (RIES) integrates various energy forms such as electricity, natural gas, and heating, enhancing comprehensive energy efficiency through multi-energy complementarity. In recent years, the frequency of various types of extreme weather events has significantly increased, and caused multiple large-scale energy supply interruption incidents in energy systems, resulting in enormous socio-economic losses. Based on the resilience performance in the post-disaster recovery process of the system under extreme disasters, and considering the dynamic changes of the affected system and the road conditions in its area, this paper proposes a fault repair strategy of RIES based on load recovery efficiency. First, the load recovery efficiency indicator is established, which incorporates two factors closely related to resilience: the fault repair time and the amount of load recovery. Then, with the goal of maximizing load recovery efficiency, and considering the current repair resources, the locations of faulty components, and the status of the RIES and transportation network, repair tasks are dynamically scheduled through rolling optimization. Case study analysis shows that the proposed strategy can optimize the scheduling of fault repair tasks based on post-disaster road conditions and load recovery expectations, thereby enhancing the system resilience.关键词：regional integrated energy system;multi-energy complementarity;fault repair;load recovery;rolling optimization;resilience3|1|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：Under extreme disasters, both the transportation network and the distribution network have suffered various degrees of damage, and there is a close relationship between the repair efforts on both sides. The transportation network serves as the carrier for distribution repair operation, and the restoration of traffic signal loads at intersections helps alleviate road congestion. To achieve coordinated repair optimization for both sides, first, a power-transportation coupling network is established, and geographic information systems are used to achieve data fusion between the two networks. Then, with the goal of maximizing overall repair revenue, a power-transportation coordinated repair optimization model is developed, comprehensively considering the interconnection between the repair efforts on both sides. On the transportation side, the objective is to minimize user travel costs by optimizing the clearance sequence of damaged road sections. On the distribution side, the objective is to minimize the economic loss from load shedding, accounting for delay costs, by optimizing the repair sequence of faulty lines. The model is split into a master model and a sub-model, and the generalized Benders decomposition method is used to solve. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is validated through a 12-node transportation network and an IEEE 33-bus distribution network.关键词：extreme disaster;transportation network;distribution network;coordinated repair;generalized Benders decomposition method5|1|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：With the continuous increase in renewable energy integration, the traditional regional power grid pattern relying on 500 kV AC interconnection faces difficulties in effectively accommodating renewable energy due to the limited inter-area power exchange capability. Flexible interconnection technology can build direct source-load matching channels between renewable energy rich areas and load center areas, which helps reducing redundant power flow and enhancing the transmission capability of the grid. Optimizing flexible interconnection planning is essential for relieving the regional pressure of renewable energy accommodation. This paper proposes a siting and sizing planning method for flexible interconnection based on the relationship between topology and power transmission. First, the relationship between topology and power transmission is analyzed based on the complex network theory. Some indices are defined, including node topological connectivity, neighbor node support capability, and node anti-fragility capability, to quantify the contribution of each node to power transmission through a flexible interconnection channel. Then, a stepwise solving process is adopted. The pre-planning stage determines the siting and sizing range, and the replanning stage establishes a bi-level planning model for flexible interconnection in regional power grid, which considers total investment cost, node transmission contribution, and comprehensive operational benefits. Finally, a regional power grid in East China is used as a case. The effectiveness of the proposed planning method is validated through joint computation based on BPA and MATLAB.关键词：renewable energy accommodation;transmission network;flexible interconnection;complex network theory;siting and sizing;power transmission2|2|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：Renewable energy bases in the Gobi Desert and other arid areas are often geographically remote, and the system is characterized by low inertia and low short-circuit ratio. To improve the short-circuit ratio of the renewable energy base, this paper first analyzes the control principle of grid-forming stations based on the virtual synchronous generator control. Compared with the support capability of the grid-following station and the synchronous generator, the grid-forming operation capability of the grid-forming station is further quantified, and the operation cost of the grid-forming station is analyzed. Based on the definition of multi-infeed short-circuit ratio, this paper proposes a method for calculating the multi-infeed short-circuit ratio of the renewable energy base containing grid-forming stations, and constructs the sensitivity index of short-circuit ratio for grid-forming stations, to determine the configuration priority order for grid-forming stations. Then, a coordinated configuration strategy of grid-forming stations and synchronous condensers is designed. Finally, an actual renewable energy base that lacks the support of the synchronous power supply is taken as a case to verify the effectiveness of the proposed configuration strategy.关键词：Gobi Desert and other arid area;renewable energy base;grid-forming station;synchronous condenser;short-circuit ratio;coordinated configuration;inertia2|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：The doubly-fed wind turbine with grid-forming (GFM) control (GFM-DFIG) can provide active support capability for weak grids. However, GFM control will exacerbate the coupling effect between the mechanical structure of the doubly-fed wind turbine and the grid frequency, increasing the risk of shaft oscillation. At present, when modeling the electromechanical coupling characteristics of GFM-DFIG, on one hand, the influence of the operation region is not considered, and changes in the operation region will directly affect the active power command, resulting in shaft oscillation. On the other hand, when modeling, the regulation effect of the current inner loop on the rotor voltage is usually ignored, and the rotor voltage is affected by both the current loop and the speed loop, which changes the damping characteristics of the shaft oscillation. Therefore, this paper establishes a small-signal model of electromagnetic torque and speed difference, revealing the effects of GFM control parameters, operation region, and current loop parameters on shaft damping. The analysis results indicate that when GFM-DFIG switches operation regions, it will cause shaft oscillation, simply adjusting the GFM control parameters is difficult to solve this problem. Optimizing the current loop bandwidth can effectively reduce the risk of shaft oscillation during the operation region switching process. Finally, the experimental verification is conducted on the hardware-in-the-loop testing platform.关键词：doubly-fed wind turbine;electromechanical coupling;grid-forming control;shaft oscillation;small-signal model;current loop2|3|0更新时间：2026-02-28
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Equivalent Model Based Estimation Method for Inertia Time Constants of Multi-generator DC Microgrid AI导读
摘要：For multi-generator DC microgrids with differentiated virtual inertia control strategies, the interaction between multiple DC virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) makes it difficult to accurately estimate the system virtual inertia. Therefore, this paper proposes an equivalent modeling method considering the inertia interaction and establishes the equivalent inertia models for multi-generator DC microgrids with two typical virtual inertia control strategies. Based on this model, this paper derives the time-domain response analytical expression of DC voltage and the estimation formula for the inertia time constant. It also reveals the physical essence of inertia equivalence through an equivalent RC circuit model. Moreover, a method for constructing an inertial time constant mapping surface is proposed based on inertia equivalence. A three-dimensional inertia time constant mapping surface is constructed. A quantitative analysis is conducted on the effects of factors such as cut-off frequency, virtual inertia coefficient, load power, and droop coefficient on the virtual inertia of a multi-generator DC microgrid. Finally, a multi-generator DC microgrid and equivalent inertia model are constructed based on the RT-Box hardware-in-the-loop platform. Multiple sets of comparison results show that the relative error between the theoretical estimation and the actual measurement results is less than 3%, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.关键词：DC microgrid;equivalent model;virtual inertia;time-domain response analytical expression;time constant;virtual synchronous generator (VSG)2|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28 - 摘要：Given that extreme weather events with low probability but high impact often exhibit the characteristic of imbalanced sample data, a Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) based deep ensemble learning (DEL) model is proposed to achieve the accurate prediction of damaged towers in distribution network in scenarios with imbalanced sample data. Firstly, using preprocessed meteorological, geographical, and electrical data as inputs, the WGAN is employed to generate samples of damaged towers. Subsequently, a DEL model is constructed through Stacking, utilizing Bagging-integrated random forest and boosting-integrated gradient boosting decision tree as base learners, and a neural network as a meta-learner. Finally, taking the distribution network towers in Zhanjiang City of China during Typhoon Talim (No. 4 in 2023) as an example, the predicted distribution of damaged towers is visualized. The model is evaluated for interpretability using the SHAP method to analyze the influence mechanism of feature variables on the prediction results. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional data augmentation and machine learning algorithms, the proposed model exhibits higher prediction accuracy and superior data information mining capabilities, enabling effective tower damage prediction in distribution network even when data samples are insufficient.关键词：extreme weather;typhoon;distribution network;tower;damage prediction;generative adversarial network;Wasserstein distance;deep ensemble learning2|1|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：A coordinated dispatch model of virtual power plant (VPP)-transmission network based on the feasible region equivalent projection theory can avoid iterative solving, thereby ensuring solution stability. However, with the large-scale integration of energy storage systems, time-period coupling constraints decouple the VPP feasible region into a high-dimensional space, significantly increasing the difficulty in characterizing the feasible region. Therefore, a non-iterative coordinated dispatch method of VPP-transmission network considering the decoupling of time-period coupling constraints is proposed. First, the epigraph theory is applied to eliminate internal variables of the VPP in the objective function, thereby reducing model complexity. Second, Lyapunov optimization is used to decouple the coupling constraints, and the vertex searching method is employed to characterize the equivalent projection of the VPP feasible region. Finally, the original VPP model is replaced by this feasible region projection to participate in transmission network dispatch, achieving the non-iterative solution for the VPP-transmission network coordinated dispatch model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the characterization efficiency of equivalent projection of the feasible region and ensure that the non-iterative coordinated dispatch achieves the same optimality as the integrated dispatch.关键词：virtual power plant;time-period decoupling;feasible region;equivalent projection;non-iterative method;epigraph3|1|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：With the acceleration of the construction of new power systems, virtual power plants have become an important means to aggregate flexible resources for participating in market transactions. In order to improve the market competitiveness of virtual power plants, a dynamic aggregation and multi-timescale bidding strategy for virtual power plants is proposed. Firstly, considering the adjustable capability of flexibility resources, a “cloud-edge-end” hierarchical and partitioned regulation architecture of virtual power plants is constructed. Secondly, on this basis, considering the internal communication cost of virtual power plants and the degree of market fit, a hierarchical and partitioned aggregation strategy is obtained and the external characteristic identification is carried out. Then, a multi-timescale bidding model of virtual power plants is constructed and solved by using a constraint-aware deep reinforcement learning method to obtain the bidding strategy. Finally, the proposed dynamic aggregation method and bidding model are verified through case study to reduce the cost and operation risk of virtual power plants and improve the overall revenue.关键词：new power system;virtual power plant;dynamic aggregation;multi-time scale;reinforcement learning;bidding;flexibility resource2|1|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：With the rapid increase in the size of wind turbines and the capacity of wind farms, the operational risks of wind farms have sharply risen. Conducting refined modeling and simulation of wind farms can help reduce these risks and is of great significance for the stable operation of power systems. In order to meet the demand of accurate and efficient simulation, a refined modeling method for wind farms and a parallel simulation algorithm are proposed. Firstly, taking the balance between accuracy and efficiency as the starting point, a refined modeling method for wind farms that considers the whole coupling process of ‘wind energy-mechanical energy-electric energy’ is proposed. Secondly, based on the time scale and computational complexity of each part of the refined model, a system-level coarse-grained decoupling method is proposed to decouple the refined model into multiple parallel simulation submodules. Furthermore, a parallel simulation algorithm for submodules based on fine-grained decoupling is proposed so as to construct a parallel simulation algorithm based on hybrid coarse-fine-grained decoupling. Finally, based on a simulation case of a wind farm with 40 wind turbines, the proposed model and simulation algorithm are compared with the traditional simplified models and simulation algorithms. The comparison results demonstrate that the proposed refined model and parallel simulation algorithm have better simulation accuracy and efficiency.关键词：wind farm;wind turbine;refined modeling;parallel simulation3|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
Basic Research
- 摘要：For the new power system with high proportion of renewable energy in the future, electricity-hydrogen bidirectional conversion combined heating and power (CHP) system on the user side has attracted increasing attention due to its advantages of cleanliness and low carbon, high power density, and long-term energy storage. For typical energy demand on the user side, based on the establishment of a simulation model that includes modules such as fuel cells, electrolytic cells, batteries, hydrogen storage tanks, and hot water storage tanks, an optimal configuration method for electricity-hydrogen bidirectional CHP systems is proposed based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The energy management strategies for the system are proposed for the grid interaction scenarios such as peak shaving and renewable energy accommodation. After optimization, the annual total cost of the system has been reduced by 10.39% compared to the initial configuration, and 14.95% compared to pure electrochemical energy storage. The annual cost of electricity of the system has been reduced by 7.09% compared to the initial configuration, and 4.12% compared to the energy cost of only grid supply. Finally, the energy supply characteristics of the system in extreme off-grid scenarios are analyzed. The optimal system can continuously supply energy for more than 8 days after switching from grid-connected operation to off-grid operation. After switching back from off-grid operation to grid-connected operation, with hydrogen production and battery charging during the valley power period, it can return to the normal working condition of grid-connected operation on the same day, with strong energy supply stability.关键词：new power system;fuel cell;electrolytic cell;combined heating and power (CHP);hydrogen;energy management;configuration optimization;stability2|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：An evaluation method of electric power and energy balance based on multi-scenario time-series operation simulation is proposed to address the supply-demand balance issue after the integration of high proportion of renewable energy into the power system. This method is based on the analysis framework of typical daily scenarios and 8 760-hour scenarios throughout the year. It proposes a probabilistic scenario generation method for renewable energy based on the clustering of source-load coupling feature indicator sets, a time-series operation simulation model optimized for ensuring supply and promoting accommodation, and a probabilistic evaluation index system of electric power and energy balance. The proposed evaluation method of electric power and energy balance is validated using a provincial power grid in southern China as a case, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively evaluate the system supply capacity and renewable energy accommodation level.关键词：electric power and energy balance;evaluation;scenario generation;source-load coupling;time-series operation;renewable energy accommodation2|1|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：In the scenarios of low voltage ride-through (LVRT) and grid disconnection of large-scale renewable energy, the frequency response trajectories of power systems exhibit the characteristics of high rate-of-change, deep nadir, and slow recovery. The traditional frequency emergency control based on event triggering is difficult to apply in such scenarios,while frequency correction control represented by under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) control has delayed action time and extreme high operation costs. Meanwhile, the impact of inertia fluctuations caused by short-time renewable power variations on frequency stability control cannot be overlooked. A centralized preemptive frequency correction control scheme considering short-time inertia fluctuations of systems is proposed. Adopting a decision-making approach of “preliminary energy estimation followed by secondary precise verification”, a method for formulating the preemptive frequency correction control strategy under frequency security boundary constraints is given from the perspective of energy and power balance, based on the prediction of upper and lower limits of system inertia fluctuations during decision cycles. When action is triggered, a combined event-trajectory triggering mode is adopted. The control is initiated only when the expected fault occurs and the frequency trajectory meets the triggering conditions, thereby avoiding the misoperation and reducing the control costs at the same time. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed scheme is verified based on an actual power grid.关键词：low voltage ride-through (LVRT);frequency correction control;renewable energy;inertia;primary frequency regulation;energy balance;power balance;stability2|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：As a new type of AC/AC converter topology, the nonagonal modular multilevel converter (MMC) has the advantages of low frequency, high reliability, and multiple ports, which has a good application prospect in offshore low-frequency transmission. However, during the actual operation, the coupling and superposition of electrical components with different frequencies on the bridge arms of the nonagonal MMC lead to the low-frequency fluctuations of submodule capacitor voltages. To improve the anti-interference capability and voltage balancing performance of submodules in the nonagonal MMC, this paper analyzes the relationship between the bridge arm voltage and current based on the topology of the nonagonal MMC and establishes a mathematical model for the nonagonal MMC. Subsequently, the relationship between the bridge arm power and port power is analyzed, and a submodule voltage sequencing control method is proposed. Combined with circulating current injection and suppression control, this method achieves voltage balancing of the submodule capacitors in the bridge arms and enhances the current transmission quality. Finally, a nonagonal MMC system is built on the MATLAB simulation software and the RT-LAB experimental platform. Steady-state, voltage variation and power variation conditions are simulated. The performance of the submodule voltage sequencing control is compared with the conventional submodule voltage balancing control. The results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy.关键词：offshore wind power;low-frequency AC transmission;modular multilevel converter (MMC);modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C);voltage balancing;voltage sequencing;circulating current2|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：The zero-sequence voltage of single-phase line breaking and grounding fault in distribution network will make the flexible voltage arc-suppression device start up by mistake. The current at the fault point may increase after the device is put into operation. Firstly, the trajectory of zero-sequence voltage displacement under single-phase line breaking and grounding faults is analyzed. The reason why the typical phase selection method of grounding fault is not suitable for the single-phase line breaking and grounding faults and the mechanism of fault deterioration caused by mis-switching of flexible arc-suppression device are clarified. Secondly, a method for distinguishing between grounding faults and line breaking and grounding faults based on phase current mutation is proposed. An identification method of single-phase line breaking and grounding fault type based on zero-sequence differential current and phase difference of phase voltage is further proposed. A switching strategy of flexible voltage arc-suppression device considering single-phase line breaking and grounding fault is proposed. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified based on PSCAD simulation.关键词：distribution network;line breaking fault;single-phase grounding fault;arc-suppression;fault phase selection;zero-sequence differential current3|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
Application Research
- 摘要：Enhancing the ramping capability of power systems is a crucial measure to address the short-term supply-demand balance issues under a high proportion of renewable energy integration. The ramping ancillary service market has become an important pathway for the optimal allocation of ramping resources. Ensuring the deliverability of reserved ramping capacity, reducing the costs of ramping procurement, and improving the overall operational efficiency of markets are key problems for the future refined operation of ramping ancillary service markets. The Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) in the central United States and California Independent System Operator (CAISO) in the United States have successively conducted the preliminary research and practice on ramping deliverability issues, but problems such as rigid settings of delivering scenarios, limited improvement in delivering rate, and conflicts in multi-objective optimization still exist. Therefore, a clearing model for ramping ancillary service market considering multiple stochastic delivering scenarios is proposed. By setting multiple stochastic delivering scenarios and constructing flexible deliverability constraints, the conflict problems between the adequacy and deliverability of ramping procurement are resolved, achieving the balance and controllability of the multi-objective clearing of the ramping ancillary service market, and extending the connotation of ramping nodal marginal prices. Based on the case analysis of a provincial-level real-time electricity market, the effectiveness of the proposed clearing model is verified. The proposed multiple stochastic delivering scenarios can help improve the ramping delivering ratio and procurement efficiency, reducing the clearing price.关键词：ancillary service market;ramping;adequacy;deliverability;clearing model;marginal price2|2|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：To address the diverse requirements for renewable energy control scenarios at the provincial and local levels, such as provincial grid peak regulation and transmission section control, as well as local main transformer overload risk control, research has been conducted on the architecture and strategies of a provincial-local coordinated automatic active power control system for renewable energy. A coordinated technical approach combining “provincial dispatch-local dispatch” and “centralized-distributed” strategies is adopted. Automatic power control modules for renewable energy are deployed at both provincial and local dispatch master stations, establishing a “1+N+X” coordinated automatic active power control system for renewable energy across full voltage levels. Based on this system, two types of bidirectional coordinated support strategies for provincial-local renewable energy resources are proposed. Specifically, local dispatch can aggregate and transmit its adjustable resources to the provincial dispatch to meet the regulation needs of provincial dispatch. Meanwhile, local dispatch can also generate regulation commands in response to local emergencies, such as N-1 overload of main transformers. These commands are then uniformly decided upon by provincial dispatch and issued to unified-dispatch resources for execution, thereby comprehensively enhancing the grid balance adjustment capabilities. The effectiveness of the proposed system and strategy is verified by the actual operation effects of a provincial-local dispatch to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid and the maximum consumption of renewable energy.关键词：renewable energy;dispatch master station;automatic power control;transformer overload;provincial-local coordination;peak regulation2|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
Engineering Application
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