Abstract: With the increasing demand of inspection robot,autonomous localization of inspection robot in complex environment becomes more and more important. An autonomous positioning algorithm is proposed combining particle filter and environmental label correction,which makes full use of the work environment characteristics of inspection robot and the characteristics of Monte Carlo positioning algorithm to improve the efficiency of robot autonomous positioning rate and effect. A robot simulation environment is established based on ROS,and the effect of the localization algorithm is tested. The results show that the efficiency and accuracy of the autonomous localization algorithm which integrates particle filter and environmental label correction are improved,location recovery can be quickly achieved.