To investigate the optimal tilt angle adjustment methodology for photovoltaic brackets with adjustable tilt mechanisms and to quantitatively assess the benefits of tilt angle optimization in PV power generation systems

this study proposes a computational model for estimating the annual hourly power output of PV modules. The model was employed to calculate the annual hourly irradiance and corresponding power generation for identical PV modules across 97 solar radiation meteorological stations distributed throughout China. Furthermore

the systemic benefits of tilt angle adjustments were evaluated by comparing three temporal adjustment strategies （semi-annual

quarterly

and monthly） against a fixed tilt angle configuration optimized for annual performance. The findings demonstrate that dynamic tilt angle adjustment significantly enhances the efficiency of PV power generation systems. This enhancement is particularly pronounced in regions characterized by abundant solar resources

higher geographical latitudes

and larger annual optimal tilt angles. Specifically

monthly tilt angle adjustments yielded average power generation increases of 13.09%

10.69%

9.76%

6.17%

and 3.23% for PV systems located in areas with extremely rich

rich

relatively rich

relatively poor

and poor solar energy resources

respectively

compared to fixed tilt angle configurations. Notably

the required range of tilt angle adjustment is relatively modest. Moreover

the quarterly adjustment strategy

which requires fewer operational interventions

still delivers substantial benefits

with power generation enhancements of 11.29%

9.12%

8.26%

5.19%

and 2.80% for the five regional classifications

respectively. These results underscore the practical viability of periodic tilt angle optimization as a means of enhancing PV system performance across diverse geographical and climatic conditions.