Based on long-term wave measurements in the northern sea area of Jiangsu Province
this study statistically analyzed four typhoon events and six cold wave processes to investigate wave characteristics under extreme weather conditions. The results demonstrate that the maximum wave heights induced by typhoons and cold waves are comparable
with significant wave heights reaching 4.59 and 4.73 m respectively. The typhoon waves generated by landfall typhoons are much greater than those of non-landfall typhoons. A positive correlation is observed between wave height and period during extreme wave events
and the wave spectrum is mainly single-peak spectrum
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