it is required to reduce the system operation cost and realize the low-carbon goal at the same time. Combining the transferable
shiftable and reducible characteristics of the demand-side flexible loads
a total cost calculation model of integrated power generation cost
pollution penalty cost
stepped carbon trading cost
and load compensation cost is proposed to build a joint dispatch model of fire-wind-scenery-water-nuclear pumping and storage. The stepped carbon trading mechanism is considered to participate in optimal scheduling
which is able to ensure the simultaneous achievement of economic and low-carbon goals . In response to the reduction in solution diversity and accuracy of the Beluga algorithm during the evolution process
Tent chaotic mapping is introduced to solve the initial parameter sensitivity problem. The simulation results show that the total cost is reduced by 16.2% and the carbon emission is reduced by 12.5% after the flexible load and stepped carbon trading mechanisms being involved in the optimal scheduling. The economy and low carbon of this model are verified.