基于CFD-CSD耦合仿真的风力机气弹稳定性及载荷分析

王硕; 吕品; 王虎; 高传强

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0042

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基于CFD-CSD耦合仿真的风力机气弹稳定性及载荷分析

研究专栏——新一代风电空气动力学 | 更新时间：2026-07-11

- 基于CFD-CSD耦合仿真的风力机气弹稳定性及载荷分析
- Analysis of aeroelastic stability and loads of wind turbines based on CFD-CSD coupled simulation
- 空气动力学学报 2026年44卷第6期页码：101-112
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北工业大学航空学院,西安,710072
  2. 金风科技股份有限公司,乌鲁木齐,830026
  3. 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司,北京,100176
- 作者简介：
  
  王硕，研究方向：风力机气弹与风能利用. E-mail：wangshuonuaa@163.com
  高传强*，研究方向：气动弹性力学，流动控制. E-mail：gaocq@nwpu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（12372271，12522211）;国家重点研发计划（2022YFB4201200）;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0042
  中图分类号： TM315
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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王硕, 吕品, 王虎, 等. 基于CFD-CSD耦合仿真的风力机气弹稳定性及载荷分析[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(6): 101−112.

Wang Shuo, Lyu Pin, Wang Hu, et al. Analysis of aeroelastic stability and loads of wind turbines based on CFD-CSD coupled simulation[J]. 2026, 44(6): 101-112.
王硕, 吕品, 王虎, 等. 基于CFD-CSD耦合仿真的风力机气弹稳定性及载荷分析[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(6): 101−112. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0042

Wang Shuo, Lyu Pin, Wang Hu, et al. Analysis of aeroelastic stability and loads of wind turbines based on CFD-CSD coupled simulation[J]. 2026, 44(6): 101-112. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2026.0042.

摘要

针对超大型风力机轻量化发展面临的强非线性气动弹性瓶颈、传统叶素动量理论在大攻角分离流动工况下仿真精度不足以及现有流固耦合研究工况覆盖不全的工程痛点，本文构建了高精度、高稳定性的双向CFD-CSD耦合仿真方法。方法基于通用CFD求解器与自主研发的多体动力学软件GTSim搭建耦合框架，融合改进延迟分离涡湍流模型、铁木辛柯梁结构理论与渐进自适应多层级B-Spline动网格技术，实现了风力机叶片堆场、停机空转、并网发电等全工况下气弹响应精细化模拟，并通过多维度试验与对比开展算法验证。结果表明，本文方法对翼型气动力系数的仿真结果与实测结果的相对偏差小于5%，结构挠度仿真结果与行业标准Bladed软件偏差小于4.9%，常规发电工况载荷仿真结果与实测结果的相对偏差小于10%。同时CFD-CSD方法可精准捕捉极端工况下传统方法无法预测的气弹失稳与耦合振动特征，突破了传统方法的固有局限，可为大型风力机气弹设计与安全评估提供可靠技术支撑。

Abstract

To address the strong nonlinear aeroelastic bottleneck in the lightweight development of ultra-large wind turbines

as well as the insufficient simulation accuracy of the traditional blade element momentum (BEM) theory under large-angle separated flow conditions and the incomplete coverage of working conditions in existing fluid-structure interaction studies

this paper developed a high-precision and high-stability bidirectional CFD-CSD coupled simulation method. A coupling framework was established using a general-purpose CFD solver and the self-developed multi-body dynamics software GTSim. By integrating the improved delayed detached eddy simulation （IDDES） turbulence model

Timoshenko beam theory

and a progressive adaptive multi-level B-Spline dynamic mesh technique

the proposed method enabled refined aeroelastic response simulations of wind turbine blades across full operating conditions

including blade stacking

parked idling

and grid-connected power generation. The method was validated through multi-dimensional experiments and comparisons. Results show that the relative deviation of the aerodynamic force coefficients calculated by the proposed method from experimental measurements is less than 5%

and the calculated structural deflection deviates by less than 4.9% from that obtained using the industry-standard software Bladed. Under normal power generation conditions

the relative deviation of load predictions from measured data is within 10%. Moreover

the method accurately captures aeroelastic instability and coupled vibration characteristics under extreme conditions that cannot be predicted by traditional methods. This approach overcomes the inherent limitations of conventional methods and provides reliable technical support for the aeroelastic design and safety assessment of large wind turbines.

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references

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