临近空间长航时无人机飞发一体气动设计研究进展

甘文彪; 管晨曦; 庄俊杰; 向锦武

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0180

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临近空间长航时无人机飞发一体气动设计研究进展

研究专栏——无人机飞发气动综合设计 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 临近空间长航时无人机飞发一体气动设计研究进展
- Research status of aerodynamic design for integrated propulsion and airframe in near-space high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) UAVs
- 空气动力学学报 2025年43卷第11期页码：79-96
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京航空航天大学无人系统研究院,北京,100191
  2. 北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京,100191
- 作者简介：
  
  甘文彪（1985—），男，副研究员，研究方向：飞行器总体气动设计及动力学. E-mail：ganhope@buaa.edu.cn
  向锦武*(1964—)，男，教授，中国工程院院士，研究方向：飞行器设计、无人系统技术等. E-mail：xiangjw@buaa.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（U2141252，U2141249，11902018）;飞行器数字敏捷设计重点实验室开放基金（KFJJ-2024-I-01-01）;航空科学基金（2019ZA051001）资助项目
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0180
  中图分类号： V279;V221.3
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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甘文彪, 管晨曦, 庄俊杰, 等. 临近空间长航时无人机飞发一体气动设计研究进展[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(11): 79−96.

GAN Wenbiao, GUAN Chenxi, ZHUANG Junjie, et al. Research status of aerodynamic design for integrated propulsion and airframe in near-space high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) UAVs[J]. 2025, 43(11): 79-96.
甘文彪, 管晨曦, 庄俊杰, 等. 临近空间长航时无人机飞发一体气动设计研究进展[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(11): 79−96. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0180

GAN Wenbiao, GUAN Chenxi, ZHUANG Junjie, et al. Research status of aerodynamic design for integrated propulsion and airframe in near-space high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) UAVs[J]. 2025, 43(11): 79-96. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0180.

摘要

临近空间长航时无人机在持续侦察、通信中继、广域预警、应急救灾等任务中具有重要作用。然而，由于大气稀薄以及跨高度域飞行的特性，该类飞行器面临低雷诺数效应突出、推进效率低、飞发耦合严重等问题，需开展飞发一体气动设计研究。本文面向临近空间长航时无人机梳理了飞发一体化设计的技术研究进展：首先，基于临近空间飞行器的布局特征，划分为常规布局高空长航时无人机、低动态大柔性布局高空长航时飞行器以及隐身布局高空长航时无人机三类，并分别指明其主要技术挑战与飞发一体化设计重点。其次，阐述飞发一体气动设计的理论体系，即“建模-约束-任务-评估”的系统研究模式及框架。接着，介绍稳健优化设计方法在飞发一体化设计中的应用：常规布局平台宜采用飞发一体稳健优化，低动态布局平台需关注分布式动力机身一体化稳健设计，隐身布局平台则强调机体进排气稳健设计。在此基础上，进一步探讨变桨距被动控制、鼓包控制等被动流动控制方法，以及合成双射流等主动流动控制增效技术在提升气动与推进性能中的潜力，并总结三类典型平台的研究侧重点。最后，针对临近空间长航时无人机飞发一体化设计，归纳了“建模-约束-任务-评估”的研究模式和关键技术重点，并展望了飞发一体稳健优化和流动控制的未来发展方向。

Abstract

Near-space long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an important role in persistent reconnaissance

communication relay

wide-area early warning

and emergency response missions. However

due to the extremely low atmospheric density and the cross-altitude flight characteristics of near-space operations

these vehicles encounter prominent low-Reynolds-number effects

reduced propulsion efficiency

and strong coupling between flight and propulsion systems. These challenges underscore the need for integrated flight-propulsion aerodynamic design. This paper reviews recent technical progress in this field for near-space long-endurance UAVs. Based on the configuration characteristics of near-space vehicles

three categories are identified: conventional-layout high-altitude long-endurance UAVs

low-dynamic large-flexibility high-altitude long-endurance vehicles

and stealth-layout high-altitude long-endurance UAVs. For each category

the primary technical challenges and the corresponding focuses of integrated flight-propulsion design are clarified. The theoretical framework of integrated flight-propulsion aerodynamics is then introduced

structured around a systematic research paradigm of modeling-constraints-tasks-evaluation. Following this

the application of robust optimization methods within integrated design is discussed. Specifically

conventional-layout platforms benefit from general integrated robust optimization; low-dynamic platforms require robust design that addresses distributed propulsion and airframe integration; and stealth-layout platforms place emphasis on robust intake and exhaust system design. Building on this foundation

the potential of passive flow-control approaches

such as variable-pitch passive control and bump control

and active flow-control techniques

such as synthetic dual-jet actuation

for enhancing aerodynamic and propulsion performance is further examined

and the distinct research focuses associated with the three platform types are summarized. Finally

the study synthesizes the research paradigm (modeling-constraints-tasks-evaluation) and key technical priorities for integrated flight-propulsion design in near-space long-endurance UAVs

and outlines future development directions involving robust integrated optimization and flow-control enhancement technologies.

关键词

Keywords

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