开槽轨道对高速磁浮列车气动特性的影响

刘锋; 岳思; 吴晓龙; 李潇; 陶羽; 杨明智

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0165

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开槽轨道对高速磁浮列车气动特性的影响

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 开槽轨道对高速磁浮列车气动特性的影响
- Influence of slotted track on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed maglev train
- 空气动力学学报 2026年44卷第3期页码：11-21
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉,430063
  2. 中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,长沙,410075
- 作者简介：
  
  刘锋（1983—），男，高级工程师，研究方向：铁道工程. E-mail：004392@crfdsi.com
  杨明智*（1972—），男，教授，研究方向：列车空气动力学及行车安全. E-mail：yqyymz@126.com
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0165
  中图分类号： U271.9;U266.4
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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刘锋, 岳思, 吴晓龙, 等. 开槽轨道对高速磁浮列车气动特性的影响[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(3): 11−21.

Liu Feng, Yue Si, Wu Xiaolong, et al. Influence of slotted track on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed maglev train[J]. 2026, 44(3): 11-21.
刘锋, 岳思, 吴晓龙, 等. 开槽轨道对高速磁浮列车气动特性的影响[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(3): 11−21. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0165

Liu Feng, Yue Si, Wu Xiaolong, et al. Influence of slotted track on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed maglev train[J]. 2026, 44(3): 11-21. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0165.

摘要

高速磁浮列车以600 km/h运行时，车底流动与轨道结构相互作用会引发不均匀的升力分布，显著增加悬浮控制的难度与安全风险。为解决此问题，本文以三车编组高速磁浮列车为研究对象，采用基于可压缩SST

IDDES湍流模型的高精度数值方法，系统研究了轨道开槽宽度（320 ～

1280

mm）对列车气动特性与流场结构的影响，并通过风洞试验验证了数值模型的可靠性。研究结果表明：轨道开槽宽度对列车底部压力分布、速度结构与整体气动力具有决定性影响。随着开槽宽度增大，头车底部正压范围缩小，尾车底部负压区范围缩小且强度减弱，而滑橇迎风侧滞止区正压分布的范围与强度均有所增强。流场分析表明，开槽显著改变了车轨间隙内的流动结构，增大了间隙空气流量与高速气流分布范围，这是导致压力分布改变和气动力变化的主要原因。综合气动力分析表明，当开槽宽度为960 mm时，整车气动阻力最小，此时相较不开槽轨道，头车升力降低约 10.9%（减少 22.26 kN），尾车升力提高约 15.8%（增加 32.26 kN），头尾车升力差显著减小，气动平衡性达到最佳。本研究为通过轨道结构被动流动控制以提升高速磁浮列车运行平稳性与安全性提供了理论依据。

Abstract

The interaction between the underbody flow of a high-speed maglev train and the track structure at 600 km/h results in a non-uniform lift distribution

substantially complicating suspension control and introducing safety risks. To address this issue

this study investigates a three-car formation using a high-precision numerical approach based on the compressible SST

k-ω

IDDES turbulence model. The

effects of slotted track width (320–1280 mm) on aerodynamic characteristics and flow structures are systematically examined

with wind tunnel tests validating the numerical model. Results show that slotted track width critically governs the pressure distribution

velocity field

and aerodynamic forces on the train underside. As slot width increases

the positive pressure zone beneath the leading car contracts

reducing its lift; conversely

the negative pressure zone under the trailing car weakens while the positive pressure region near the skid's windward side expands and intensifies

increasing trailing car lift. Flow field analysis indicates that the slot-induced modifications to the train-track gap flow enhance the airflow rate and high-speed flow coverage

driving changes in pressure distribution and aerodynamic forces. Comprehensive assessment reveals that at a slot width of 960 mm

total aerodynamic drag is minimized

leading to a 10.9% reduction (22.26 kN) in leading car lift and a 15.8% increase (32.26 kN) in trailing car lift compared to the non-slotted track

thereby significantly reducing the lift difference between cars and achieving optimal aerodynamic balance. This study provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the stability and safety of high-speed maglev trains via passive flow control through slotted track design.

关键词

Keywords

references

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