中国航天空气动力技术研究院 电弧等离子体应用装备北京市重点实验室,北京,100074
朱兴营*,研究员,研究方向:低温热等离子体技术的研究与应用. E-mail:zhuxyhit@163.com
周凯*,高级工程师,研究方向:气动热和热防护试验技术研究. E-mail:zhoukai@ustc.edu
纸质出版:2026
移动端阅览
朱兴营, 周凯, 陈海群, 等. 航天飞行器热防护模拟感应耦合等离子加热器研究进展[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(8): 1−19.
Zhu Xingying, Zhou Kai, Chen Haiqun, et al. Advances in inductively-coupled-plasma heaters for aerothermal testing of thermal-protection systems[J]. 2026, 44(8): 1-19.
朱兴营, 周凯, 陈海群, 等. 航天飞行器热防护模拟感应耦合等离子加热器研究进展[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(8): 1−19. DOI: 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0154
Zhu Xingying, Zhou Kai, Chen Haiqun, et al. Advances in inductively-coupled-plasma heaters for aerothermal testing of thermal-protection systems[J]. 2026, 44(8): 1-19. DOI: 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0154.
感应耦合等离子体(inductively coupled plasma
ICP)加热器通过电磁耦合放电产生高焓、高纯净度的等离子体环境,在航天飞行器热防护材料研究中具有重要应用价值。本文系统综述了ICP加热器在理论分析与数值模拟、装置开发、参数诊断和工程应用四大核心方面的研究进展。其中,理论分析从简化的一维逐步发展为自洽的多维模型,数值模拟也同步发展,二者共同在加热器输运过程、非平衡特性等研究中发挥着关键作用。与此同时,国内外已陆续建成多套功率从数十千瓦到兆瓦量级的ICP加热装置,并基于接触式测量与光学诊断方法,系统揭示了加热器内部和射流的宏观参数(热流、电子数密度等)与微观特征(电子温度、平动温度、组分浓度等)。目前,ICP加热装置可长时间持续提供最高焓值近百兆焦/千克、常压以下的热环境,已广泛应用于各类防热材料表面催化特性、烧蚀特性和表面气固耦合反应机理等关键基础问题的研究,有力支撑了新型热防护材料设计与性能评估的发展。
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) heaters generate high-enthalpy and ultra-clean plasma flows through electromagnetic coupling discharge
and are of significant value in the research on thermal protection materials (TPMs) for hypersonic vehicles. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of ICP heaters in four core aspects: theoretical modelling and numerical simulation
facility development
parameter diagnostics and engineering applications. The theoretical analysis has evolved from simplified one-dimensional models to self-consistent multi-dimensional models
and numerical simulations have progressed in tandem
playing key roles in investigating transport processes and non-equilibrium characteristics within the heaters. Worldwide
a series of ICP facilities with power ranging from tens of kilowatts to the megawatt levels have been developed. Based on contact measurements and optical diagnostics
the macro-parameters (e.g.
heat flux
electron number density) and micro-characteristics (e.g.
electron temperature
translational temperature
species concentration) have been revealed for regions both inside the heater and in its plasma jet. ICP heaters are capable of stably providing a thermal environment with enthalpy up to nearly 100 MJ/kg at sub-atmospheric pressures for long-duration testing
and are widely used for studying surface catalysis
ablation behavior
and gas-solid coupling reaction mechanisms of various TPMs
thus providing a scientific basis and experimental support for the design and performance evaluation of advanced TPMs.
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