某型电动跑车尾翼气动设计的仿真与试验研究

刘凯; 罗秋丽; 王君尧; 王擎宇; 张风利; 王文江; 张荣荣

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0047

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某型电动跑车尾翼气动设计的仿真与试验研究

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 某型电动跑车尾翼气动设计的仿真与试验研究
- Numerical and experimental study on aerodynamic design for the rear wing of an electric sports car
- 空气动力学学报 2026年44卷第4期页码：152-162
- 作者机构：
  
  比亚迪汽车工业有限公司,深圳,518118
- 作者简介：
  
  刘凯（1990—），男，江苏无锡人，博士，研究方向：汽车空气动力学. E-mail：day_lk@163.com
  张风利*，高级工程师，研究方向：汽车空气动力学. E-mail：fengliauto@163.com
  王文江*，博士，研究方向：汽车空气动力学. E-mail：wangwenjiang1993@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划（2022YFE0208000）;中国汽车工程学会青年人才托举工程（2023年度）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0047
  中图分类号： U461.1
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘凯, 罗秋丽, 王君尧, 等. 某型电动跑车尾翼气动设计的仿真与试验研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 152−162.

Liu Kai, Luo Qiuli, Wang Junyao, et al. Numerical and experimental study on aerodynamic design for the rear wing of an electric sports car[J]. 2026, 44(4): 152-162.
刘凯, 罗秋丽, 王君尧, 等. 某型电动跑车尾翼气动设计的仿真与试验研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 152−162. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0047

Liu Kai, Luo Qiuli, Wang Junyao, et al. Numerical and experimental study on aerodynamic design for the rear wing of an electric sports car[J]. 2026, 44(4): 152-162. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0047.

摘要

尾翼是决定跑车气动下压力的核心部件。在电动跑车设计中，其气动开发面临核心矛盾：在提升下压力以增强操控稳定性的同时，必须最小化由此产生的风阻，以保障车辆的续航里程。本文以某型电动跑车尾翼为对象，采用计算流体力学仿真与整车风洞试验相结合的手段，在真实整车流场环境下，系统探究了尾翼本体的翼型选型、攻角、气动扭转及支撑结构的气动特性。此外，通过试验详细测量了尾翼自身所受气动载荷的时均与动态特性。研究获得了气动性能优异的尾翼优化方案：采用S1223翼型，实施中段攻角2.5°、两端攻角6.5°的气动扭转，并匹配顶部支撑结构。该方案为整车贡献了显著的下压力收益（–Δ

= 0.290），同时将风阻增量控制在较低水平（Δ

= 0.021），气动效率

达到13.4。动态载荷分析进一步揭示，尾翼气动载荷谱存在两个显著特征频率：其一为与结构一阶弯曲模态对应的固定频率12 Hz；其二为随风速变化的频率，经标定其斯特劳哈尔数

= 0.134，表明与周期性流动结构相关。结果表明，针对车背三维来流进行气动扭转设计是优化尾翼性能、平衡下压力与风阻的有效途径。同时，试验识别的特征频率及斯特劳哈尔数为尾翼结构的动力学设计、振动疲劳评估提供了关键参数与理论依据。

Abstract

The rear wing is a core component determining the aerodynamic downforce of sports cars. In the design of electric sports cars

its aerodynamic development faces a fundamental contradiction: enhancing downforce to improve handling stability while minimizing the accompanying drag increase to ensure vehicle range. This study focuses on the rear wing of an electric sports car. Combining comp

utational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with full-scale wind tunnel testing

the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing element—including airfoil selection

angle of attack

aerodynamic twist

and support structure—were systematically investigated within the real vehicle flow field. Furthermore

the time-averaged and dynamic characteristics of the aerodynamic loads on the wing itself were measured in detail. An optimized rear wing configuration with excellent aerodynamic performance was obtained: employing the S1223 airfoil with an aerodynamic twist of 2.5° at the mid-section and 6.5° at the tips

matched with a top-mounted support structure. This configuration contributed a significant downforce gain (–Δ

= 0.293) to the whole vehicle while keeping the drag increase at a relatively low level (Δ

= 0.020)

resulting in an aerodynamic efficiency

of 13.4. Dynamic load analysis further revealed two distinct characteristic frequencies in the aerodynamic load spectrum: one is a fixed frequency of 12 Hz

corresponding to the first bending mode of the structure; the other is a velocity-dependent frequency

calibrated to a Strouhal number of

= 0.134

indicating its relation to periodic flow structures. The results demonstrate that aerodynamic twist design tailored to the three-dimensional incoming flow over the vehicle rear is an effective approach for optimizing rear-wing performance and balancing downforce against drag. Simultaneously

the characteristic frequencies and Strouhal number identified in the tests provide key parameters and a theoretical basis for the dynamic design and vibration fatigue assessment of the rear-wing structure.

关键词

Keywords

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