低温环境下当量比对甲烷-氧气预混气爆轰特性的影响机制

卢宇轩; 赵焕娟; 刘婧; 包颖昕; 牛淑贞

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0037

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低温环境下当量比对甲烷-氧气预混气爆轰特性的影响机制

研究专栏——爆震流动机理与推进技术专栏Ⅰ | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 低温环境下当量比对甲烷-氧气预混气爆轰特性的影响机制
- Mechanism of equivalence ratio effects on the detonation characteristics of premixed methane–oxygen mixtures under low-temperature conditions
- 空气动力学学报 2025年43卷第9期页码：92-104
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院,北京,100083
  2. 北京理工大学宇航学院,北京,100081
- 作者简介：
  
  卢宇轩（2001—），女，山西人，硕士研究生，研究方向：气相爆轰机理. E-mail：1604422685@qq.com
  赵焕娟*，教授，研究方向：气相爆轰机理. E-mail：ziai.1985@163.com
  牛淑贞*，博士，研究方向：爆轰推进. E-mail：niushuzhen@bit.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划资助（2022YFC30063）;国家化学安全重点实验室开放课题资助（SKLCS-2024023）;跨域飞行交叉技术实验室资助（2024-KFKF-2001）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0037
  中图分类号： V231.2+2
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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卢宇轩, 赵焕娟, 刘婧, 等. 低温环境下当量比对甲烷-氧气预混气爆轰特性的影响机制[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(9): 92−104.

LU Yuxuan, ZHAO Huanjuan, LIU Jing, et al. Mechanism of equivalence ratio effects on the detonation characteristics of premixed methane–oxygen mixtures under low-temperature conditions[J]. 2025, 43(9): 92-104.
卢宇轩, 赵焕娟, 刘婧, 等. 低温环境下当量比对甲烷-氧气预混气爆轰特性的影响机制[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(9): 92−104. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0037

LU Yuxuan, ZHAO Huanjuan, LIU Jing, et al. Mechanism of equivalence ratio effects on the detonation characteristics of premixed methane–oxygen mixtures under low-temperature conditions[J]. 2025, 43(9): 92-104. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0037.

摘要

为研究低温下当量比对CH

-O

爆轰特性的影响，本文在温度203.15～283.15 K范围内，对甲烷-氧气预混气进行了低温爆轰实验，选取1、1.33、1.45、1.6共4组当量比的预混气，测量其在光滑方管中点火后爆轰波的峰值压力和传播速度。实验结果表明：低温、高压条件下，4组当量比均形成了稳定爆轰，而低温、低压（

= 5 kPa）下，所有当量比均无法形成稳定爆轰。在爆轰波峰值压力方面。在仅考虑点火成功的情况下，随着当量比的增加，峰值超压仅在较低温度（

= 243.15～203.15 K）时存在增长趋势，其他温度下整体均存在下降趋势。在爆轰波传播速度方面，高当量比的爆轰传播速度低于化学当量比，且速度亏损明显增大，最大差值可达3.46%，稳定后仅维持在约0.9

水平。然而，化学当量比工况在管道末尾难以维持稳定传播，表现为速度下降，而高当量比仍能够在管道末尾继续保持传播速度，实现稳定传播。基于CHEMKIN软件的燃烧反应模拟从化学反应动力学角度揭示：随着当量比的增加，点火延迟时间最大约增加2.76×10

–4

s，且基元反应中R73的重要性超过R45；在低温环境下，当量比对OH自由基敏感性系数的影响更加显著。综合实验及模拟结果可知，高当量比相较于化学当量比能够更好地弥补低温环境对爆轰的抑制作用，更有利于形成稳定爆轰。本研究为阐明在低温环境下当量比对甲烷-氧气燃料爆轰特性的影响提供了理论依据，对提高爆燃发动机的燃料推进性能具有参考价值。

Abstract

To elucidate the influence of equivalence ratio (

) on the detonation behaviour of CH

-O

mixtures under low-temperature conditions

low-temperature detonation experiments wer

e conducted within the temperature range 203.15–283.15 K. Four premixed mixtures with

= 1.0

1.33

1.45 and 1.6 were ignited in a smooth square tube

and the peak pressure as well as the propagation velocity of the detonation wave were recorded. The results show that stable detonation can be established for all equivalence ratios at low temperature and high pressure

whereas no stable detonation is observed at low temperature and low pressure (

= 5 kPa). Concerning peak pressure

only considering the cases of successful ignition

the overpressure only increases with φ at lower-temperatures (

= 203.15–243.15 K); while a decreasing trend is observed at other temperatures. Compared with the chemical equivalence ratios

the propagation velocity of the high equivalence ratio was reduced

and the velocity loss is significantly increased. The propagation velocity can only reached about 0.9 vCJ after stable propagation

with a maximum deficit of 3.46 %. However

the chemical equivalence ratio fails to maintain a stable detonation near the tube exit

whereas the higher equivalence ratios retain their propagation speed and remain stable. Kinetic analysis was performed using CHEMKIN to elucidate the combustion mechanism. It was revealed that the ignition delay increases by up to 2.76 × 10

−4

s as the equivalence ratio increases

and the elementary reaction R73 supersedes R45 in importance. The effect of equivalence ratio on OH radical sensitivity was more significant in the low-temperature environment. Both experimental and numerical results demonstrate that high equivalence ratios can better compensate for the detonation limitations imposed by low temperatures

facilitating the formation of stable detonation. The present study provides fundamental guidance for improving the propulsive performance of detonation engines operating with methane–oxygen propellants under low-temperature conditions.

关键词

Keywords

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