基于三维代理模型的风力机尾流模拟

李正农; 晏凯; 李亚飞; 特日根; 龙海芳

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0019

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基于三维代理模型的风力机尾流模拟

研究专栏——新能源结构风工程 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 基于三维代理模型的风力机尾流模拟
- Investigation on three-dimensional surrogate model-based simulation of wind turbine wakes
- 空气动力学学报 2025年43卷第4期页码：80-90
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 湖南大学土木工程学院,长沙,410082
  2. 金风科技股份有限公司,北京,100176
- 作者简介：
  
  李正农*，教授，博士生导师，研究方向：风能资源利用及结构抗风. E-mail：zhn88@263.net
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（52178476）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0019
  中图分类号： TK89
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李正农, 晏凯, 李亚飞, 等. 基于三维代理模型的风力机尾流模拟[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(4): 80−90.

LI Zhengnong, YAN Kai, LI Yafei, et al. Investigation on three-dimensional surrogate model-based simulation of wind turbine wakes[J]. 2025, 43(4): 80-90.
李正农, 晏凯, 李亚飞, 等. 基于三维代理模型的风力机尾流模拟[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(4): 80−90. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0019

LI Zhengnong, YAN Kai, LI Yafei, et al. Investigation on three-dimensional surrogate model-based simulation of wind turbine wakes[J]. 2025, 43(4): 80-90. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0019.

摘要

为研究风力机尾流风场特性，本文将风轮简化为多孔介质球体，提出了一种新的风力机三维代理模型。以河南省濮阳市某地区陆上风电场为研究对象，通过无人机测风系统采集风电场的自由流与尾流数据，以实测来流风场为入流条件，采用修正的湍流模型参数建立数值模拟模型，分析了风力机尾流在水平和垂直方向的分布特征。结果表明，通过设置多孔介质模型的阻力系数可有效模拟风轮对流场的阻力效应；水平方向的尾流风速和湍流度呈对称分布，且近尾流区的湍流分布呈现双峰形式，垂直方向的尾流则表现为非对称分布。在轮毂高度处，尾流风速在下游2倍风轮直径（2

）处削减为来流风速的46%；随着尾流向下游发展至6

位置处，逐渐恢复为来流风速的75%，同时湍流水平整体下降，叶尖高度的湍流增强效应也逐渐减弱。与实测数据的对比验证表明，模拟风速的均方根误差均在10%以内，湍流强度的误差大多在15%以内，说明所提出的代理模型能较为准确地计算尾流风速与湍流强度，为风力机尾流仿真的工程应用提供了新的思路。

Abstract

To investigate the characteristics of wind turbine wake flow fields

a novel three-dimensional surrogate model for wind turbines is proposed by representing the rotor as a porous spherical medium. Taking an onshore wind farm in Henan Province

China

as the research subject

free-flow and wake data were collected using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wind measurement system. A numerical simulation model was established with measured inflow wind conditions as boundary inputs

incorporating modified turbulence model parameters. Computational Flu

id Dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of wind turbine wakes. Results demonstrate that configuring the drag coefficient of the porous medium model effectively simulates the rotor's resistance effect on the flow field. Horizontally

wake velocity and turbulence intensity exhibit symmetric distributions

with a bimodal turbulence pattern observed in the near-wake region. Vertically

the wake displays asymmetric characteristics. At the hub height

the wake velocity decreases to 46% of the incoming flow at 2

(

being the rotor diameter) downstream and recovers to 75% at 6

downstream

accompanied by an overall reduction in turbulence levels. The turbulence enhancement effect at the blade tip height gradually diminishes with downstream distance. Validation against field measurements shows that the root mean square errors of simulated wind speeds are within 10%

and turbulence intensity errors are mostly below 15%

confirming the accuracy of the proposed surrogate model in predicting wake velocity and turbulence intensity. This work provides a new engineering-oriented approach for wind turbine wake simulation.

关键词

Keywords

references

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