大型实验地球流体力学旋转平台的设计与实现

陆晓婕; 韩国庆; 林一帆; 董昌明

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0223

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大型实验地球流体力学旋转平台的设计与实现

研究专栏——海洋波动与湍流 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 大型实验地球流体力学旋转平台的设计与实现
- Design and implementation of a large-scale experimental rotating platform for geophysical fluid dynamics
- 空气动力学学报 2025年43卷第6期页码：99-110
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 南京信息工程大学海洋科学学院,南京,210044
  2. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海）,珠海,510045
  3. 南京信息工程大学天长研究院,滁州,239300
  4. 浙江海洋大学海洋科学与技术学院,舟山,316022
  5. 加州大学大气与海洋科学学院,洛杉矶,美国,90095
- 作者简介：
  
  陆晓婕（1994—），女，江苏盐城人，助理研究员，研究方向：物理海洋学. E-mail：luxiaojie@nuist.edu.cn
  董昌明*，教授，研究方向：物理海洋学、实验地球流体力学、人工智能海洋学. E-mail：cmdong@nuist.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金委项目（42250710152）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0223
  中图分类号： O351.2;P731
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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陆晓婕, 韩国庆, 林一帆, 等. 大型实验地球流体力学旋转平台的设计与实现[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(6): 99−110.

LU Xiaojie, HAN Guoqing, LIN Yifan, et al. Design and implementation of a large-scale experimental rotating platform for geophysical fluid dynamics[J]. 2025, 43(6): 99-110.
陆晓婕, 韩国庆, 林一帆, 等. 大型实验地球流体力学旋转平台的设计与实现[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(6): 99−110. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0223

LU Xiaojie, HAN Guoqing, LIN Yifan, et al. Design and implementation of a large-scale experimental rotating platform for geophysical fluid dynamics[J]. 2025, 43(6): 99-110. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0223.

摘要

地球流体力学是一门研究自然界中流体宏观运动规律的学科，在气候研究等领域具有广泛应用。旋转水池通过比例缩放和地形模拟，能够再现旋转条件下层化流体的多尺度物理过程，并捕捉海洋和大气环境的基本特征，在模拟自然流体运动中发挥了重要作用。本文重点介绍了南京信息工程大学国际地球流体力学研究中心已建成的大型旋转水池的设计原理和系统组成，该水池是全球第二个内径超过10 m的旋转水池（内径14 m，外径18 m），由大型水池主体、多密度水体交换系统、观测系统和多元分析系统4个部分组成，其中观测系统采用了自动升降装置和最新的光学测高技术，这是以往大型旋转平台所未具备的。此外，还展示了在其他旋转平台上开展的讨论涡旋演化和涡-涡相互作用的中尺度涡旋实验以及探索河口羽流分类及稳定性实验。结果显示：离心不稳定性导致涡旋出现缓慢衰减期，涡-涡相互作用导致涡旋出现快速衰减期，这两个因素是造成反气旋涡消亡的主要原因；涡旋在合并过程中向外扩散涡度，并在外界累积涡丝，形成反对称涡度，从而影响合并效率，反对称涡度引发的对流过程是涡旋合并的机制之一；陆架坡度对河口羽流的最大深度影响较小，但对羽流的宽度影响显著。该大型旋转平台旨在服务全球科研人员，促进国内外科研机构的深度合作，推动地球流体力学研究的未来发展。

Abstract

Geophysical fluid dynamics is a discipline that investigates the macroscopic motion laws of fluids in nature

with broad applications in climate research and related fields. Rotating tanks play a crucial role in simulating natural fluid motions by employing scaling principles and topographic modeling to reproduce multiscale physical processes of stratified fluids under rotating conditions

and capturing fundamental features of oceanic and atmospheric environments. This paper focuses on the design principles and system composition of the large-scale rotating tank constructed at the international geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory (iGFDL)

Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology. With an inner diameter of 14 m and an outer diameter of 18 m

it is the second rotating tank globally to exceed an inner diameter of 10 m. The system comprises four main components: the large tank body

a multi-density water exchange system

an observation system

and multivariate analysis system. Notably

the observation system incorporates an automated lifting device and employs state-of-the-art optical altimetry technology

features unprecedented in previous large-scale rotating platforms. Additionally

this paper presents mesoscale vortex experiments conducted on other rotating platforms

including studies on vortex evolution and vortex-vortex interactions

as well as experiments exploring the classification and stability of estuarine plumes. The results show that: (1) Centrifugal instability leads to a slow decay phase of vortices

while vortex-vortex interactions induce rapid decay

both being key factors in the dissipation of anticyclonic vortices; (2) During vortex merging

vorticity diffuses outward

accumulating vortex filaments and generating asymmetric vorticity

which affects merging efficiency—convective processes driven by asymmetric vorticity constitute one mechanism of vortex merging; (3) Shelf slope has minimal influence on the maximum depth of estuarine plumes but significantly affects their width. This large rotating tank platform aims to serve researchers worldwide

foster in-depth collaboration between domestic and international institutions

and advance the future development of geophysical fluid dynamics research.

关键词

Keywords

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