水滴撞击运动超疏水表面特性及其调控

高天翔; 罗振兵; 周岩; 彭文强; 程盼

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0214

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水滴撞击运动超疏水表面特性及其调控

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 水滴撞击运动超疏水表面特性及其调控
- Research on the characteristics of water droplets impacting moving superhydrophobic surfaces and its regulation
- 空气动力学学报 2026年44卷第4期页码：29-40
- 作者机构：
  
  国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙,410073
- 作者简介：
  
  高天翔（1996—），河南洛阳人，博士研究生，研究方向：流动控制与热管理. E-mail：gaotxnudta@163.com
  罗振兵*，研究员，研究方向：主动流动控制. E-mail：luozhenbing@163.com
  周岩*，副研究员，研究方向：主动流动控制. E-mail：bjlgzy@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（92271110，12202488，52075538，12472276）;国家科技重大专项（J2019-III-0010-0054）;结冰与防除冰重点实验室基金（IADL20220410）;湖南省自然科学基金（2023JJ30622）;沈阳市飞机结冰与防除冰重点实验室基金（YL2022XFX03）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0214
  中图分类号： V250.1
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
高天翔, 罗振兵, 周岩, 等. 水滴撞击运动超疏水表面特性及其调控[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 29−40.

Gao Tianxiang, Luo Zhenbing, Zhou Yan, et al. Research on the characteristics of water droplets impacting moving superhydrophobic surfaces and its regulation[J]. 2026, 44(4): 29-40.
高天翔, 罗振兵, 周岩, 等. 水滴撞击运动超疏水表面特性及其调控[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 29−40. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0214

Gao Tianxiang, Luo Zhenbing, Zhou Yan, et al. Research on the characteristics of water droplets impacting moving superhydrophobic surfaces and its regulation[J]. 2026, 44(4): 29-40. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0214.

摘要

结冰给航空安全带来了重大挑战，超疏水表面能够使撞击壁面的水滴回弹脱离进而实现防冰，因此受到广泛关注。风力机、飞行器等发生结冰时，水滴粒径大多为微米至数十微米，壁面往往处于运动状态，而微米级水滴撞击运动超疏水表面的特性尚缺乏实验研究。本文设计了微米级水滴撞击运动超疏水表面实验台，通过高速摄影发现微米级水滴撞击超疏水表面的接触时间会在表面切向速度较高时显著增大（78%），与毫米级水滴的结果相反。进一步地，通过数值模拟深入分析了水滴撞击运动超疏水表面的过程，揭示了壁面运动对水滴撞击特性的影响。除了使水滴整体向壁面运动方向移动之外，壁面运动对微米级水滴撞击运动超疏水表面的影响主要有3个方面：延长质心下降过程、将水滴质量从展向向流向转移，以及改变水滴铺展及回缩特性。分析得出，超疏水表面高速运动对微米级水滴接触时间的延长是由于其对水滴前缘的剧烈拉伸；通过对水滴施加合成双射流降低水滴与壁面之间的切向相对撞击速度，可将接触时间降低28%。本文深化了对运动壁面上微米级水滴撞击动力学的理解，并为发展主动、高效的超疏水表面防除冰技术提供了新的思路。

Abstract

Icing poses significant hazards to aviation safety. Superhydrophobic surfaces have gained widespread attention for their capability to induce rebounding and detachment of impacting water droplets from surfaces

thereby achieving anti-icing. When icing occurs on equipment such as wind turbines and aircraft

the droplet diameter typically ranges from micrometers to tens of micrometers

and the surface is often in motion. However

experimental research on the characteristics of micrometer-scale water droplets impacting moving superhydrophobic surfaces remains vacant. Consequently

in this paper

we developed an experimental platform to investigate the impact of micron-sized water droplets on moving superhydrophobic surfaces. High-speed photography revealed that

contrary to observations with millimeter-scale droplets

the contact time of micrometer-scale water droplets impacting superhydrophobic surfaces increases significantly (by 78%) at high surface tangential velocities. Furthermore

numerical simulations were conducted to gain deeper insights into the impact process

particularly focusing on the influence of surface motion on the impact characteristics of water droplets. This influence mainly manifests in three aspects: it prolongs the centroid descent process

redirects water droplets from the expansion direction to the flow direction

and changes the expansion and retraction characteristics of water droplets. The extension of the contact time of micrometer-scale water droplets due to the high-speed motion of superhydrophobic surfaces is attributed to the intense stretching of the water droplets' front edge. Subsequently

by applying dual synthetic jets to water droplets

the tangential relative impact velocity between the droplets and the surface is decreased

resulting in a 28% reduction in the contact time. This research deepens the understanding of the impact dynamics of micron-sized droplets on moving walls and provides new insights for developing active and efficient anti-icing/de-icing technologies based on superhydrophobic surfaces.

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