基于透气结构的海鸥仿生翼型气动特性

李富琨; 郝礼书; 高永卫

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0205

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基于透气结构的海鸥仿生翼型气动特性

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 基于透气结构的海鸥仿生翼型气动特性
- Aerodynamic characteristics of seagull bionic airfoil based on breathable structure
- 空气动力学学报 2026年44卷第2期页码：93-103
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北工业大学航空学院,西安,710072
  2. 飞行器基础布局全国重点实验室,西安,710072
- 作者简介：
  
  李富琨（2001—），男，山东青岛人，硕士研究生，研究方向：流动控制. E-mail：1024072961@qq.com
  郝礼书*（1980—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：流动控制. E-mail：haolishu@nwpu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  翼型、叶栅空气动力学国家级重点实验室基金（D5150240010）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0205
  中图分类号： V211.3;V224
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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李富琨, 郝礼书, 高永卫. 基于透气结构的海鸥仿生翼型气动特性[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(2): 93−103.

Li Fukun, Hao Lishu, Gao Yongwei. Aerodynamic characteristics of seagull bionic airfoil based on breathable structure[J]. 2026, 44(2): 93-103.
李富琨, 郝礼书, 高永卫. 基于透气结构的海鸥仿生翼型气动特性[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(2): 93−103. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0205

Li Fukun, Hao Lishu, Gao Yongwei. Aerodynamic characteristics of seagull bionic airfoil based on breathable structure[J]. 2026, 44(2): 93-103. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0205.

摘要

羽毛是鸟类飞行的关键部件，是构成鸟翼外形的核心元素，其自身透气特性也是影响鸟翼气动特性的重要因素。本文将羽毛的透气结构抽象简化为多孔介质，并将其覆盖在海鸥仿生翼型表面，以模拟真实的透气效应。基于多孔介质的渗流理论，通过CFD方法探究此仿生结构对翼型气动特性的影响。结果表明：多孔介质对翼型的气动性能有显著影响。具体而言，多孔介质可使失速迎角增加5°、最大升力系数提升8.2%，该效果主要通过其对壁面压力分布、摩擦阻力分布和空间速度分布的影响实现。在几何参数方面，多孔区域分布起始点前移会增大失速迎角，但同时降低线性段的升力系数；而增加多孔介质厚度则会降低线性段升力系数，并引起翼型阻力上升，其中多孔区域自身的阻力增长尤为突出。在透气特征参数方面，达西数的增大会小幅提高升力系数，并在小迎角范围内降低阻力，但在失速段则会增加阻力。各向异性对升力影响较小，主要影响阻力特性，且翼型表面摩擦阻力分布和多孔区域的阻力主要由流向（

方向）的渗透率主导。本文半覆盖多孔翼型所采用的分布方式和透气特性及其研究结论可为仿生翼型的设计研究提供一定参考。

Abstract

Feathers are a critical component for avian flight

serving as the core structural element that defines wing morphology. Their inherent permeability is also a significant factor influencing the aerodynamic characteristics of bird wings. In this study

the permeable structure of feathers was simplified and modeled as a porous medium applied to the surface of a seagull-inspired airfoil to simulate realistic permeability effects. Based on seepage theory for porous media and employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

the impact

of this biomimetic configuration on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil was investigated. The results demonstrate that the porous medium significantly alters the aerodynamic behavior of the airfoil. Specifically

it increases the stall angle of attack by 5° and enhances the maximum lift coefficient by 8.2%

primarily through modifications in wall pressure distribution

surface friction drag distribution

and spatial velocity distribution. Regarding geometric parameters

shifting the starting point of the porous region forward increases the stall angle but reduces the lift coefficient in the linear region. Increasing the thickness of the porous medium reduces the lift coefficient in the linear region and elevates the overall drag

with a pronounced increase in drag within the porous region itself. In terms of permeability parameters

a higher Darcy number slightly improves the lift coefficient

reduces drag at low angles of attack

but increases drag in the stall region. Anisotropy has a minor effect on lift but significantly influences drag characteristics. The surface friction drag distribution on the airfoil surface and the drag in the porous region are predominantly governed by the streamwise (

-direction) permeability. The distribution pattern

permeability characteristics

and findings presented in this study on partially porous-covered airfoils can provide valuable insights for the design and research of biomimetic airfoils.

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