超-超环形引射器流动特性与临界收缩比研究

李智严; 徐万武; 汪元; 张赛强; 梁涛; 范凌燕

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0202

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超-超环形引射器流动特性与临界收缩比研究

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 超-超环形引射器流动特性与临界收缩比研究
- Flow characteristics and critical contraction ratio of a supersonic-supersonic annular ejector
- 空气动力学学报 2025年43卷第9期页码：51-63
- 作者机构：
  
  国防科技大学空天科学学院，高超声速技术实验室,长沙,410073
- 作者简介：
  
  李智严（1993—），河南驻马店人，博士研究生，研究方向：超声速引射技术. E-mail：nudtlizhiyan@163.com
  徐万武*，研究员，研究方向：超声速地面试验技术. E-mail：cfdxww@nudt.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（T2221002）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0202
  中图分类号： V211.7
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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李智严, 徐万武, 汪元, 等. 超-超环形引射器流动特性与临界收缩比研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(9): 51−63.

LI Zhiyan, XU Wanwu, WANG Yuan, et al. Flow characteristics and critical contraction ratio of a supersonic-supersonic annular ejector[J]. 2025, 43(9): 51-63.
李智严, 徐万武, 汪元, 等. 超-超环形引射器流动特性与临界收缩比研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(9): 51−63. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0202

LI Zhiyan, XU Wanwu, WANG Yuan, et al. Flow characteristics and critical contraction ratio of a supersonic-supersonic annular ejector[J]. 2025, 43(9): 51-63. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0202.

摘要

超-超引射器是一种高效且紧凑的引射器类型，其流场结构和增压过程与传统的亚-超引射器显著不同。为详细探究其流动特性、引射性能及参数匹配特性，采用实验和数值仿真方法，研究了等截面和变截面超-超环形引射器。结果表明，环形引射器的最小启动压力与混合室收缩比近似呈正相关，而最小盲腔压力与收缩比之间无明显联系。超-超环形引射器具备在大负载工况下工作的能力，当引射系数过小，引起静压比过大时，二次流将以亚声速状态进入混合室，导致引射器进入亚-超引射状态。在引射系数不变的前提下，降低二次流马赫数有利于混合的发展，但减速过程中的总压损失会导致引射性能下降。根据超-超引射器中一、二次流分层流动的特点，基于一、二次流不混合假设，推导出混合室临界收缩比的一维理论计算方法。通过与数值仿真结果对比发现，理论计算值相较于实际收缩比偏小，其偏差小于18.7%。

Abstract

The supersonic-supersonic ejector is a compact and highly efficient device widely used in pressure recovery systems for chemical lasers and supersonic wind tunnels. Its flow field structure and pressurization process differ significantly from those of traditional subsonic-supersonic ejectors. To investigate the flow characteristics

parameter matching rules

and ejector performance

experimental and numerical simulation methods were employed to study constant-section and variable-section supersonic-supersonic annular ejectors (S-SAEs). Results indicate that the minimum starting pressure of the annular ejector is proportional to the contraction ratio of the mixing chamber

whereas the minimum pressure in the blind chamber shows no significant correlation with the contraction ratio. The S-SAE can operate effectively under high-load conditions; however

at low entrainment ratios

the static pressure ratio becomes excessively large

causing the secondary flow to enter the mixing chamber at subsonic speeds

thereby converting the ejector into a subsonic-supersonic ejection state. Under the same entrainment ratio

reducing the Mach number of the secondary flow enhances mixing but increases total pressure loss during deceleration

leading to reduced ejector performance. The results also show that ejector performance in the S-SAE is not directly determined by mixing characteristics. Based on the observation that the primary and secondary flows in the S-SAE maintain a stratified flow state before the shock train

a one-dimensional theoretical method for calculating the critical contraction ratio of the mixing chamber was derived under the assumption of non-mixing between the flows. Comparisons with numerical simulations reveal that theoretical values are slightly lower than actual contraction ratios

with deviations of less than 18.7%.

关键词

Keywords

references

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