高原山谷对直升机悬停旋翼的气动干扰

张伟; 李国强; 高钟谱; 邢苗苗

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0178

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高原山谷对直升机悬停旋翼的气动干扰

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 高原山谷对直升机悬停旋翼的气动干扰
- Study on aerodynamic interference between helicopter hovering rotor and plateau complex terrain
- 空气动力学学报 2026年44卷第2期页码：148-158
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西南科技大学航空航天学院,绵阳,621010
  2. 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所,绵阳,621000
  3. 西北工业大学航空学院,西安,710072
- 作者简介：
  
  张伟*（1984—），男，四川阆中人，副教授，研究方向：空气动力学. E-mail：zwell@mail.ustc.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（11902278）;跨域飞行交叉技术实验室开放课题（2024-KF01003）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0178
  中图分类号： V275.1;V211.44;O355
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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张伟, 李国强, 高钟谱, 等. 高原山谷对直升机悬停旋翼的气动干扰[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(2): 148−158.

Zhang Wei, Li Guoqiang, Gao Zhongpu, et al. Study on aerodynamic interference between helicopter hovering rotor and plateau complex terrain[J]. 2026, 44(2): 148-158.
张伟, 李国强, 高钟谱, 等. 高原山谷对直升机悬停旋翼的气动干扰[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(2): 148−158. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0178

Zhang Wei, Li Guoqiang, Gao Zhongpu, et al. Study on aerodynamic interference between helicopter hovering rotor and plateau complex terrain[J]. 2026, 44(2): 148-158. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0178.

摘要

山谷地形诱发的扰流对直升机旋翼的气动干扰明显，对直升机的气动特性及飞行安全具有重要影响。为研究高原山谷地形的扰流特性和扰流对悬停旋翼的气动干扰，首先以典型高原山谷三维模型为研究对象，引入了适用于压力驱动大气边界层的入口条件，采用CFD方法基于标准

湍流模型模拟了高原山谷复杂地形下的大气边界层；并在高原山谷扰流研究的基础上，基于嵌套网格方法模拟了高原山谷地形与悬停旋翼的耦合流场。结果表明，山谷中具有明显的气流加速和减速现象，湍动能随海拔高度增加逐渐削弱；山谷存在顺风向来流、涡流和下降气流等扰流特征。山谷间顺风向来流存在上偏现象，上偏气流对旋翼的拉力系数和悬停效率有增益作用，但是会增加旋翼的俯仰力矩并伴随振荡；涡流区内气流流动紊乱，流向变化强烈，相近位置的悬停旋翼气动力变化较大，可能存在风切变现象；下降气流会降低旋翼的拉力系数和悬停效率，其中的湍动能较高区域容易引起旋翼的俯仰力矩振荡。研究结果可为直升机复杂地形环境飞行策略和飞行安全控制提供技术支撑。

Abstract

The interference of turbulence induced by valley terrain on helicopter rotors has a profound impact on aerodynamic characteristics and flight safety. In this study

CFD simulations based on the standard

turbulence model were conducted for the pressure-driven atmospheric boundary layer over a plateau valley model with appropriate inlet conditions. The flow fields were coupled with a hovering rotor using the overset mesh method to investigate the aerodynamic interference. Significant acceler

ation and deceleration phenomena were observed in the valley

and the turbulent kinetic energy diminished gradually with increasing altitude. Typical turbulence characteristics

such as downwind motions

vorticities

and downdrafts

were prevalent in the valley. The upward velocity component of the downwind flow enhanced the rotor's thrust coefficient and hovering efficiency

albeit at the expense of increasing its pitching moment and inducing oscillations. The airflow in the vortex region was disordered

with continuous changes in flow direction

and the aerodynamic forces of hovering rotors at nearby positions varied considerably

indicating potential wind shear. Downdrafts reduced the rotor's thrust coefficient and hovering efficiency

and the high turbulent kinetic energy regions within the downdrafts tended to cause pitching moment oscillations. The research results provide technical support for helicopter flight strategy and safety control in complex terrain environments.

关键词

Keywords

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