不稳定大气飞机尾涡演化分析与预测研究

李瑞鑫; 许春晓; 黄伟希; 赵立豪; 崔桂香

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0174

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不稳定大气飞机尾涡演化分析与预测研究

研究专栏——大型飞机尾涡演化的预测、测量及控制 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 不稳定大气飞机尾涡演化分析与预测研究
- Analysis and prediction of wake vortexes evolution in unstable atmosphere
- 空气动力学学报 2025年43卷第1期页码：105-120
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学航天航空学院,北京,100084
- 作者简介：
  
  李瑞鑫（1999—），男，博士研究生，研究方向：可压缩壁湍流. E-mail：lirx21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
  许春晓*，女，教授，研究方向：湍流的机理、数值模拟和减阻控制. E-mail：xucx@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0174
  中图分类号： TP391
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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李瑞鑫, 许春晓, 黄伟希, 等. 不稳定大气飞机尾涡演化分析与预测研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(1): 105−120.

LI Ruixin, XU Chunxiao, HUANG Weixi, et al. Analysis and prediction of wake vortexes evolution in unstable atmosphere[J]. 2025, 43(1): 105-120.
李瑞鑫, 许春晓, 黄伟希, 等. 不稳定大气飞机尾涡演化分析与预测研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(1): 105−120. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0174

LI Ruixin, XU Chunxiao, HUANG Weixi, et al. Analysis and prediction of wake vortexes evolution in unstable atmosphere[J]. 2025, 43(1): 105-120. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0174.

摘要

飞机起降过程中产生的尾涡会对后机安全性造成影响，因此飞机间需要保持一定的安全间隔，而缩短尾流间隔是提高机场起降能力的关键。本文利用大涡模拟方法与自适应网格技术，对不稳定大气不同高度范围的尾涡演化进行了研究，考虑了阵风和稳定度对尾涡演化的影响，发现大逆风和强不稳定大气中尾涡耗散更快。在此基础上针对近地面以风速和稳定度为参数建立大涡模拟数据库；将现有高空模型拓展到不稳定大气并引入湍动能的影响，提高了预测精度；对衔接过渡区域提出了相应的预测方案，且该方法适用于任何稳定度条件。尾涡环量演化可以直接采用近地数据库数据，而尾涡高度演化需要进行额外的修正。

Abstract

The rapid development of civil aviation has increased the demand for higher take-off and landing capabilities at airports. Wake vortices generated during aircraft take-off and landing can impact the safety of trailing aircraft

necessitating a certain safety interval

known as wake vortex separation. Shortening this separation is crucial for improving airport capacity. This paper employs large eddy simulation (LES) and adaptive mesh technology to study the evolution of wake vortices at various altitudes in an unstable atmosphere

taking into account the effects of gusts and stability on vortex dissipation

and finds that vortices dissipate more quickly in strong headwinds and highly unstable atmospheric conditions. Based on this

an LES database for near-ground vortex evolution is established

indexed by wind speed and stability. Existing high-altitude models are tested and extended to include unstable atmospheric conditions

with turbulent kinetic energy incorporated to enhance prediction accuracy. A prediction method for the transition region is proposed

where the evolution of wake vortex circulation can be directly referenced from the near-ground database

while the evolution of wake vortex height requires additional corrections.

关键词

Keywords

references

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