旋翼跨介质飞行气动特性与机理仿真分析

高世才; 王潇

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0153

欢迎来到能源电力期刊网！

English Version 期刊登录

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

旋翼跨介质飞行气动特性与机理仿真分析

研究专栏——旋翼飞行器气动特性及其优化设计 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 旋翼跨介质飞行气动特性与机理仿真分析
- Numerical analysis of aerodynamic characteristics and mechanisms of a rotor in cross-medium flight
- 空气动力学学报 2025年43卷第3期页码：87-97
- 作者机构：
  
  南京航空航天大学直升机动力学全国重点实验室,南京,210016
- 作者简介：
  
  高世才（1999—），男，山东邹平人，硕士研究生，研究方向：跨介质旋翼飞行器设计. E-mail：17860393285@163.com
  王潇*，副教授，研究方向：直升机、倾转旋翼机多体动力学，跨介质旋翼飞行器设计. E-mail：x.wang@nuaa.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  跨域飞行交叉技术重点实验室基金（2024-KF03001，2024-KF03003）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0153
  中图分类号： V211.3
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
高世才, 王潇. 旋翼跨介质飞行气动特性与机理仿真分析[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(3): 87−97.

GAO Shicai, WANG Xiao. Numerical analysis of aerodynamic characteristics and mechanisms of a rotor in cross-medium flight[J]. 2025, 43(3): 87-97.
高世才, 王潇. 旋翼跨介质飞行气动特性与机理仿真分析[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(3): 87−97. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0153

GAO Shicai, WANG Xiao. Numerical analysis of aerodynamic characteristics and mechanisms of a rotor in cross-medium flight[J]. 2025, 43(3): 87-97. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0153.

摘要

跨介质水空旋翼飞行器可以同时在水和空气两种不同介质中航行，近年来逐渐成为研究焦点。水和空气两种流体介质的物理特性差异巨大，旋翼在跨介质过程中将经历复杂的两相流环境。基于格子玻尔兹曼方法（LBM）着重研究了旋翼逐渐靠近水面过程中的气动特性和流动机理，CFD计算结果表明，在距离水面0.8倍旋翼半径的高度附近，旋翼处于类似地面效应的状态。随着旋翼逐渐靠近水面，其下洗气流显著作用于水面，诱导形成明显的液冠结构，并伴随强烈的涡环效应，导致旋翼下方的气压降低，进而造成旋翼拉力在这一时间段内持续下降，拉力特性出现拐点，不升反降，产生明显的气液两相流干扰现象。液冠结构破碎后，旋翼拉力趋于稳定，相较于空中工况，在

= 0.2时，旋翼拉力增长了约26%；在

0.4时，旋翼拉力的增长逐渐减缓，增长率以2%～5%的幅度缓慢下降，直至最终拉力趋近于空中工况的水平。本文初步揭示了旋翼在近水面工况下拉力特性的初步规律及影响机理，为后续理论研究与实际应用提供了参考。

Abstract

Aerial-aquatic rotorcraft

capable of navigating in both underwater and aerial environments

has gradually become a focus of research in recent years. The physical properties of water and air differ significantly

thus the rotor experiences a complex two-phase flow environment during the cross-medium process. Using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)

this study focuses on the aerodynamic characteristics and flow mechanisms of a rotor as it gradually approaches the water surface from the

air. Combined with corresponding CFD results

it is shown that at a height of approximately 0.8 times the rotor radius above the water surface

the rotor enters a flow state similar to ground effect. As the rotor continues to approach the water surface

its downwash significantly interacts with the water

inducing the formation of a distinct liquid crown structure accompanied by strong vortex ring effects. This leads to a decrease in air pressure beneath the rotor

causing a continuous decline in rotor lift during this period. The lift characteristics exhibit a turning point

where the lift decreases instead of increasing

indicating significant gas-liquid two-phase flow interference. After the liquid crown structure breaks up

the rotor lift stabilizes. At

= 0.2

the rotor lift increases by approximately 26% compared to its performance in the air. At

0.4

the growth rate in rotor lift gradually slows

decreasing at a rate of 2% to 5%

until it eventually converges to the lift level observed in the aerial condition. This paper preliminarily reveals the initial patterns of the thrust characteristics of rotors under near-water surface conditions and their influencing mechanisms

providing a reference basis for subsequent theoretical research and practical applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

唐胜景, 张宝超, 岳彩红, 等. 跨介质飞行器关键技术及飞行动力学研究趋势分析[J]. 飞航导弹, 2021(6): 7−13.

ZHANG C Y, YANG F, LIU K, et al . Development and key technology analysis of morphing trans-media aircraft[J ] . Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology, 2021 , 5 ( 6 ): 54 − 61,72 (in Chinese).

MI B G, ZHAN H . Numerical simulation of aircraft dynamic stability characteristics flying over ground and water surface[J ] . Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2017 , 21 ( 11 ): 1348 − 1355 (in Chinese).

XU R, JU S Q, ZHAN Q, et al . Design of aerial-aquatic rotor test system and experimental study of rotor performance[J ] . Flight Dynamics, 2024 , 42 ( 3 ): 89 − 94 (in Chinese).

BAI X Z, WU W H, LIN Z C, et al . The influence factors of near water effect of rotor[J ] . Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2024 , 42 ( 1 ): 86 − 99 (in Chinese).

ZHAO W P, ZHANG Y H, GAO T, et al . Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of electric aircraft flying near sea surface[J ] . Journal of Ocean Technology, 2022 , 41 ( 6 ): 8 − 16 (in Chinese).

LV T, WEI Z K, LI S Y . Analysis of rotor aerodynamic characteristics based on lattice Boltzmann method[J ] . Navigation and Control, 2015 , 14 ( 5 ): 89 − 93 (in Chinese).

ROTHMAN D H, KELLER J M . Immiscible cellular-automaton fluids[J ] . Journal of Statistical Physics, 1988 , 52 ( 3 ): 1119 − 1127 .

SHAN X, CHEN H . Lattice Boltzmann model for simulating flows with multiple phases and components[J ] . Life (Basel, Switzerland), 1993 , 47 ( 3 ): 1815 − 1819 .

SHAN X W, DOOLEN G . Diffusion in a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann equation model[J ] . Physical Review E, 1996 , 54 ( 4 ): 3614 − 3620 .

SWIFT M R, ORLANDINI E, OSBORN W R, et al . Lattice Boltzmann simulations of liquid-gas and binary fluid systems[J ] . Physical Review E, 1996 , 54 ( 5 ): 5041 − 5052 .

MARQUARDT J E, RÖMER U J, NIRSCHL H, et al . A discrete contact model for complex arbitrary-shaped convex geometries[J ] . Particuology, 2023 , 80 : 180 − 191 .

CHEN S Y, DOOLEN G D . Lattice Boltzmann method for fluid flows[J ] . Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1998 , 30 : 329 − 364 .

DU T Z, LI X Q, ZHANG X L, et al . Lattice Boltzmann method used for the aircraft characteristics computation at high angle of attack[J ] . Science China Technological Sciences, 2010 , 53 ( 8 ): 2068 − 2073 .

CARADONNA F X, TUNG C . Experimental and analytical studies of a model helicopter rotor in hover[J ] . Vertica, 1981 , 5 ( 2 ): 149 − 161 .

DOERFFER P, SZULC O . Numerical simulation of model helicopter rotor in hover[J ] . TASK Quarterly, 2008 , 12 ( 3-4 ): 227 − 236 .

GARY R B. On the motion of the helical vortex shed from a single bladed hovering model rotor and its application to the calculation of the spanwise aerodynamic loading [D]. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University, 1955.

YANG F, ZHAO G Q, CHEN X, et al . Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of rotor near water surface[J ] . Flight Dynamics, 2023 , 41 ( 3 ): 1 − 6 (in Chinese).

ZHANG Z D. Structural design and fluid-solid coupling simulation analysis of large and medium-sized bionic flapping-wing aircraft[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2022 (in Chinese).

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

跨介质飞行器旋翼近水面气动干扰机理建模与研究

旋翼近水面效应影响因素

高原山谷对直升机悬停旋翼的气动干扰

旋翼翼型俯仰沉浮耦合动态失速特性

大速度条件下的旋翼气弹动载荷特性分析