热防护材料动态烧蚀形貌结构光视觉测量技术

张智; 欧东斌; 高贺; 闫宪翔

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0118

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热防护材料动态烧蚀形貌结构光视觉测量技术

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 热防护材料动态烧蚀形貌结构光视觉测量技术
- Dynamic ablation morphology measurement of thermal protection materials using structured light vision
- 空气动力学学报 2026年44卷第4期页码：125-133
- 作者机构：
  
  中国航天空气动力技术研究院,北京,100074
- 作者简介：
  
  张智（1987—），男，四川南充人，高级工程师，研究方向：气动热试验与测试、高温视觉研究. E-mail：sczz0601@163.com
  高贺*，男，辽宁营口人，博士，研究员，研究方向：气动热地面模拟试验设计与分析. E-mail：xzy_gh@qq.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划（2024YFA1612300）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0118
  中图分类号： TB94
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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张智, 欧东斌, 高贺, 等. 热防护材料动态烧蚀形貌结构光视觉测量技术[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 125−133.

Zhang Zhi, Ou Dongbin, Gao He, et al. Dynamic ablation morphology measurement of thermal protection materials using structured light vision[J]. 2026, 44(4): 125-133.
张智, 欧东斌, 高贺, 等. 热防护材料动态烧蚀形貌结构光视觉测量技术[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2026, 44(4): 125−133. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0118

Zhang Zhi, Ou Dongbin, Gao He, et al. Dynamic ablation morphology measurement of thermal protection materials using structured light vision[J]. 2026, 44(4): 125-133. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0118.

摘要

测量热防护材料的烧蚀形貌对于飞行器热防护设计与预测至关重要，由于受到电弧风洞环境中高温、高亮等因素影响，目前尚缺乏行之有效的测量手段来获取气动热实验过程的动态烧蚀形貌数据。结合结构光技术和双目立体视觉技术，本文发展了一种多线结构光视觉测量技术，该技术可以获取热防护材料高温气动热实验过程中的动态烧蚀形貌。通过主动扫描投影短波多线结构光为热防护材料表面增添可辨识的图案，结合带通滤波完成清晰成像，利用景深约束和极线约束实现双目图像匹配，在电弧风洞中搭建了热防护材料烧蚀形貌动态测量系统并开展了测量研究。常温精度测试实验显示，形貌点云间隔约为1.1 mm，平面点云拟合标准差不超过0.12 mm，平面角度测量误差不超过0.3°，球面点云拟合标准差小于0.14 mm，直径测量相对偏差小于1%；利用该系统开展了玻璃钢材料球面凸起模型的高温测量实验，获取了模型在最大表温

1430

℃下每隔8秒的三维点云数据，单幅点云测量时间不大于1 s。测量结果从常温测量精度、点云稠密度、动态速度和应用温度等多个维度证实了发展的结构光视觉技术在热防护材料高温动态烧蚀形貌测量中的有效性和应用潜力，可以为气动热防护设计与预测提供高温环境下的动态、稠密基础数据。

Abstract

Measuring the dynamic ablation process of thermal protection materials is critical for designing and predicting the performance of thermal protection systems. However

acquiring data on this process in arc-jet wind tunnels is challenging due to the extremely high temperature and intense brightness. In this paper

a novel optical measurement method leveraging structured light and binocular stereo-vision was proposed to capture th

e dynamic ablation morphology of thermal protection materials in aerodynamic thermal tests. This method utilized the active projection of short-wave multi-line structured light

combined with bandpass filtering

to obtain clear images. Binocular image matching was accomplished using depth-of-field and epipolar constraints. A measurement platform incorporating this methodology was constructed in an arc-jet wind tunnel. Room-temperature accuracy tests demonstrate the following results: An approximate interval of 1.1 mm between adjacent points in the shape point cloud

a standard deviation of plane point cloud fitting not exceeding 0.12 mm

a plane angle measurement error within 0.3°

a standard deviation of spherical point cloud fitting below 0.14 mm

and a relative deviation of diameter measurement less than 1%. High-temperature measurements were conducted on a spherical convex model made of fiberglass. Three-dimensional point cloud data of the model were acquired at interval of 8 seconds under maximum surface temperature of

1430

℃

with the measurement time for a single point cloud being less than 1 second. The measurement accuracy at room temperature

point cloud density

dynamic velocity

and applicable temperature range demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed method in measuring the high-temperature dynamic ablation characteristics of thermal protection materials.

关键词

Keywords

references

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