高速列车开孔式风阻制动板设计及安装参数研究

李鹏; 李睿; 陈嘉辉; 郑培杰; 王喜红

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0104

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高速列车开孔式风阻制动板设计及安装参数研究

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 高速列车开孔式风阻制动板设计及安装参数研究
- Research on the design and installation parameters of the braking plate with opening holes for high-speed trains
- 空气动力学学报 2025年43卷第4期页码：30-42
- 作者机构：
  
  兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州,730070
- 作者简介：
  
  李鹏（1999—），男，宁夏人，硕士研究生，研究方向：高速列车空气动力学. E-mail：2264608756@qq.com
  李睿*，副教授，研究方向：多目标优化与列车空气动力学. E-mail：lirui_lzjtu@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  甘肃省科技厅计划项目（22JR11RA150）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0104
  中图分类号： U292.91+4
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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李鹏, 李睿, 陈嘉辉, 等. 高速列车开孔式风阻制动板设计及安装参数研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(4): 30−42.

LI Peng, LI Rui, CHEN Jiahui, et al. Research on the design and installation parameters of the braking plate with opening holes for high-speed trains[J]. 2025, 43(4): 30-42.
李鹏, 李睿, 陈嘉辉, 等. 高速列车开孔式风阻制动板设计及安装参数研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2025, 43(4): 30−42. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0104

LI Peng, LI Rui, CHEN Jiahui, et al. Research on the design and installation parameters of the braking plate with opening holes for high-speed trains[J]. 2025, 43(4): 30-42. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0104.

摘要

随着高速列车速度提升，安装风阻制动板成为解决紧急制动力不足的有效手段。为提高制动效率，设计了一种开孔式制动板，对其设计参数（孔数量、孔间距、孔直径）和安装参数（安装角度、安装数量）开展研究。通过建立高速列车空气动力学数值仿真模型，采用基于SST

湍流模型的雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes

RANS）方法，对比研究了配备平板式与开孔式制动板的气动性能，并系统分析参数对制动性能的影响规律。结果表明：开孔式制动板较平板式制动力显著提升；制动力随开孔数量、孔间距、孔直径增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势，其中制动板设置为8孔、孔间距为135 mm、孔直径为20 mm时制动力最大；安装角度为90°（垂直水平面）时制动性能最优，最优参数组合使列车气动阻力增加4.65%；此外，随制动板安装数量增加，列车制动力先增大后减小，即在本文研究条件下安装12块制动板时制动效果最佳。

Abstract

With the continuous increase in train speeds

aerodynamic braking plates have become a critical solution to address insufficient emergency braking forces. To improve the braking efficiency

a perforated braking plate and systematically investigates its design parameters (number

spacing

and diameter of holes) and installation parameters (angle and quantity). A numerical aerodynamic model of a high-speed train equipped with braking plates was established

and the RANS method based on the SST

k-ω

turbulence model was em

ployed to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of both flat and perforated braking plates. The effects of key parameters on braking performance were analyzed. The findings reveal that the perforated plate significantly enhances braking force compared to the flat plate. The braking force initially increases with the number of holes

hole spacing

and hole diameter

peaking at 8 holes

135 mm spacing

and 20 mm diameter

beyond which it declines. Optimal braking performance is achieved when the perforated plate is installed perpendicular to the horizontal plane (90°). Under these optimized conditions (8 holes

135 mm spacing

20 mm diameter

90° angle)

the aerodynamic drag of the train increases by 4.65%. Additionally

the braking force initially rises with the number of installed plates

reaching maximum effectiveness at 12 plates

and subsequently decreases.

关键词

Keywords

references

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