3/4开口试验段汽车风洞的风阻测量误差分析与修正

庞加斌

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0026

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3/4开口试验段汽车风洞的风阻测量误差分析与修正

研究专栏——汽车空气动力学 | 更新时间：2026-07-27

- 3/4开口试验段汽车风洞的风阻测量误差分析与修正
- Analysis and correction of aerodynamic drag measurement errors in a 3/4-open jet automotive wind tunnel
- 空气动力学学报 2024年42卷第7期页码：112-117
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 同济大学汽车学院,上海,201804
  2. 同济大学上海地面交通工具风洞中心,上海,201804
- 作者简介：
  
  庞加斌(1970—)，男，工学博士，高级工程师，研究方向：车辆空气动力学和汽车风洞技术及应用研究. Email：pang@tongji.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划（2022YFE0208000）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0026
  中图分类号： U467.1+3
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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庞加斌. 3/4开口试验段汽车风洞的风阻测量误差分析与修正[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2024, 42(7): 112−117.

PANG Jiabin. Analysis and correction of aerodynamic drag measurement errors in a 3/4-open jet automotive wind tunnel[J]. 2024, 42(7): 112-117.
庞加斌. 3/4开口试验段汽车风洞的风阻测量误差分析与修正[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2024, 42(7): 112−117. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0026

PANG Jiabin. Analysis and correction of aerodynamic drag measurement errors in a 3/4-open jet automotive wind tunnel[J]. 2024, 42(7): 112-117. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2024.0026.

摘要

汽车风洞用3/4开口试验段模拟真实道路气动环境，有限的试验段尺寸、地面边界层及射流剪切层会干扰流场，从而引起风阻测量误差。根据简化势流模型分析，3/4开口试验段存在模型实体阻塞、喷口阻塞、收集口阻塞以及水平压力梯度4项系统误差源，其中模型实体阻塞让风阻测量值偏低，喷口和收集口阻塞让风阻测量值偏高，彼此平衡抵消机制使3/4开口试验段风洞具有能够适应更大尺寸模型的优势。利用Mercker-Wiedemann修正方法，结合同济大学整车气动声学风洞，计算修正了3辆不同尺寸车型的风阻系数。结果显示：设定风阻系数误差不超过1%为标准，3/4开口试验段汽车风洞最大阻塞比为15%；水平压力梯度对风阻系数误差的影响更大，风洞设计和验收标准应保证d

(

)/d

0.001/m。

Abstract

Automotive wind tunnels are essential in replicating the real-road aerodynamicenvironment for vehicle testing. However

the confined dimensions of the 3/4-open test section

along withthe ground boundary layer and jet shear layers

introduce disturbances to the airflow

leadingto errors in aerodynamic drag measurements. Utilizing a simplified potential flow model

thisstudy identifies and quantifies four critical systematic errors within the test section: solidblockage

nozzle blockage

collector blockage

and horizontal pressure gradient. The solidblockage tends to underestimate t

he measured aerodynamic drag

while the nozzle andcollector blockages result in overestimations. The interplay of these effects creates a selfcorrecting mechanism that enables the testing of larger vehicle models within the wind tunnel. Employing the Mercker-Wiedemann correction method at Tongji University's full-scale aeroacoustic wind tunnel

this research conducted a correction analysis on three vehicles of varying sizes. The findings indicate that

with a criterion of keeping the aerodynamic drag coefficient error within 1%

the wind tunnel is capable of accommodating vehicles with ablockage ratio of up to 15%. Moreover

the horizontal pressure gradient is identified as asignificant source of error in the drag coefficient measurement. These insights underscore thenecessity for stringent design and acceptance protocols in wind tunnel engineering with d

(

)/d

0.001/m to ensure measurement precision.

关键词

Keywords

references

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