四维时空不均匀尾流影响下风力机功率及气动载荷分析

高晓霞; 周鲲程; 沈佳烨; 朱霄珣; 王瑜; 董利江

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2023.0229

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四维时空不均匀尾流影响下风力机功率及气动载荷分析

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 四维时空不均匀尾流影响下风力机功率及气动载荷分析
- Analysis of wind turbine power and aerodynamic loads influenced by four-dimensional spatiotemporal non-uniform wake
- 空气动力学学报 2024年42卷第12期页码：88-99
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 华北电力大学动力工程系,保定,071003
  2. 河北省低碳高效发电技术重点实验室,保定,071003
  3. 保定市低碳高效发电技术重点实验室,保定,071003
  4. 华北电力大学电子与通信工程系,保定,071003
  5. 新疆新能集团有限责任公司乌鲁木齐电力建设调试所,乌鲁木齐,830000
- 作者简介：
  
  高晓霞，副教授，博导，研究方向：风力机尾流、机组能效及载荷特性分析. E-mail：okspringgao@hotmail.com
  朱霄珣*，男，博士后、讲师，研究方向：电站设备状态监测、智慧运行等. E-mail：zhuxiaoxun@ncepu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（52076081）;中央高校基本科研基金资助项目（2020MS107）;河北省自然科学基金面上项目（E2023502091）;河北省在读研究生创新能力培养资助项目（CXZZSS2023192）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2023.0229
  中图分类号： TK81
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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高晓霞, 周鲲程, 沈佳烨, 等. 四维时空不均匀尾流影响下风力机功率及气动载荷分析[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2024, 42(12): 88−99.

GAO Xiaoxia, ZHOU Kuncheng, SHEN Jiaye, et al. Analysis of wind turbine power and aerodynamic loads influenced by four-dimensional spatiotemporal non-uniform wake[J]. 2024, 42(12): 88-99.
高晓霞, 周鲲程, 沈佳烨, 等. 四维时空不均匀尾流影响下风力机功率及气动载荷分析[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2024, 42(12): 88−99. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2023.0229

GAO Xiaoxia, ZHOU Kuncheng, SHEN Jiaye, et al. Analysis of wind turbine power and aerodynamic loads influenced by four-dimensional spatiotemporal non-uniform wake[J]. 2024, 42(12): 88-99. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2023.0229.

摘要

处于尾流区与处于自由流场的风力机气动特性差异明显。为了量化风力机气动特性受尾流影响规律，提出了一种基于三维时变尾流模型（3DJGF-T）耦合改进的叶素动量理论（BEM）的风力机气动特性计算方法。首先，分别以正弦风、自由风作为上游机组输入风况，使用3DJGF-T尾流模型计算，得到尾流场内风况的时空变化特征，并进行外场实验验证；其次，以上述尾流场内随空间位置点和时间的不均匀分布的流场为边界条件，研究处于不同尾流下游纵向位置（

、6

、7

、8

）及水平位置处（全尾流、1/2尾流、3/4尾流、全偏尾流）的风轮和单叶片功率、转矩、轴向力的时空变化规律。对比分析结果显示：下游纵向位置变化会同时改变尾流的时间与空间特性，对载荷及功率产生更加复杂的波动影响，纵向距离每增加1

，风轮功率增大约10%；相比之下，风力机水平位置的变化仅影响尾流的空间特性，风轮功率损失随着靠近尾流中心而逐渐增大，相较于全偏尾流，1/2尾流、3/4尾流和全尾流的功率平均值相对损失分别为23.7%、44.3%、61.2%；当来流为自由风时，其风速变化比正弦风更快、随机性更强，导致风力机机组承受的载荷功率波动更大。

Abstract

The aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines operating in the wake region exhibit significant differences compared to those in free-flow conditions. In order to quantify the influence of wake on the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines

this paper proposes a method for calculating the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines based on a three-dimensional time-varying wa

ke model (3DJGF-T) with a coupling-improved blade element momentum (BEM) model. Firstly

using sinusoidal and free-stream wind conditions as upstream turbine inputs

the 3DJGF-T wake model is employed to obtain the spatiotemporal characteristics of the wind field within the wake

and the external field experiments are conducted for validation. Secondly

utilizing the unevenly distributed flow field within the wake as the boundary condition in terms of spatial location points and time

the spatiotemporal variations of wind turbine rotor and single-blade power

torque

and axial force are investigated at different downstream longitudinal positions (

) and horizontal positions (fully wake

1/2 wake

3/4 wake

and full-half wake) with the comparative analyses are performed. Results indicate that changes in the downstream longitudinal position will simultaneously alter the temporal and spatial characteristics of the wake

resulting in more complex fluctuations in load and power. With every increase of 1

in longitudinal distance

the rotor power increases by approximately 10%. In contrast

variations in the horizontal position of the wind turbine only affect the spatial characteristics of the wake

with rotor power losses gradually increasesing as the turbine approaches the center of the wake. Compared to the full-half wake

the relative average power losses of 1/2 wake

3/4 wake

and full wake are 23.7%

44.3%

and 61.2%

respectively. When the inflow is free wind

it exhibits faster variations in wind speed and stronger randomness compared to sinusoidal wind

causing greater fluctuations in the load power of the wind turbine.The findings of this study provide important reference value for wake regulation and micro-siting in wind farms.

关键词

Keywords

references

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