基于现代试验设计的风洞天平校准方法

刘春风; 王瑞庭; 王雪枫; 何啸天; 张婷婷

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2023.0107

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基于现代试验设计的风洞天平校准方法

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 基于现代试验设计的风洞天平校准方法
- Balance calibration method based on modern design of experiments
- 空气动力学学报 2024年42卷第3期页码：111-118
- 作者机构：
  
  中国航天空气动力技术研究院,北京,100074
- 作者简介：
  
  刘春风*，河北承德人，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向：风洞天平及气动力试验应用. E-mail：liu_chf@163.com
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2023.0107
  中图分类号： V411.3
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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刘春风, 王瑞庭, 王雪枫, 等. 基于现代试验设计的风洞天平校准方法[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2024, 42(3): 111−118.

LIU Chunfeng, WANG Ruiting, WANG Xuefeng, et al. Balance calibration method based on modern design of experiments[J]. 2024, 42(3): 111-118.
刘春风, 王瑞庭, 王雪枫, 等. 基于现代试验设计的风洞天平校准方法[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2024, 42(3): 111−118. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2023.0107

LIU Chunfeng, WANG Ruiting, WANG Xuefeng, et al. Balance calibration method based on modern design of experiments[J]. 2024, 42(3): 111-118. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2023.0107.

摘要

风洞天平的校准精度直接决定了风洞试验的气动载荷测量精度，为了提升天平校准的质量和效率，以BCS-100天平校准系统为研究对象，基于现代试验设计方法（modern design of experiments

MDOE）开展了风洞天平校准研究。针对单因子变量法（one factor at a time

OFAT）天平校准中存在系统误差与响应量耦合的问题，采用MDOE的随机、重复和分块策略控制校准的系统误差，并选定响应面理论的中心复合设计方法生成校准矩阵。校准矩阵共计86个样本点，包括64个分级因子点、12个轴向因子点和10个中心因子点，其中所有样本点的加载顺序做随机化处理，并作为一个样本块在短时间内集中完成加载，中心因子点则用于满足重复原则。最后开展了OFAT和MDOE的对比校准，拟合载荷的残差正态概率分布显示MDOE校准中横侧向分量的样本点独立性更强，样本点残差最高可降低84%；检验载荷显示MDOE和OFAT两种方法中天平所有分量的综合加载重复性持平，MDOE校准中横侧向分量的综合加载误差最高可降低54%。研究表明MDOE能够有效降低校准的系统误差，提升横侧向小量的预测能力。

Abstract

The accuracy of aerodynamic force measurement in the wind tunnel test is dominated by the wind tunnel balance calibration. To improve the quality and efficiency of balance calibration

this work takes the BCS-100 calibration system as the research object

and proposes a calibration method for the wind tunnel balance calibration using modern design of experiments (MDOE). Aiming at the problem that the systemic error is coupled with the response in traditional calibration using one factor at a time (OFAT)

the randomization

repetition and blocking strategies based on MDOE are used to control the calibration systemic error. The central composited design (CCD) based on response surface methodology is chosen to generate the calibration matrix

which is composed of 86 sample points in total

including 64 fractional factor points

12 axial factor points and 10 central factor points. The actual loading sequence of all the points is randomized

and the loading is completed in a short time as a single sample block

with the central factor points satisfying the repetition strategy. Finally

a contrastive calibration of OFAT and MDOE is applied in the calibration system. The normal probability distribution of the fitting load residuals for horizontal and lateral components shows that the sample points in MDOE have better independence

and the residuals can be reduced by 84% at most. The testing loads shows that both MDOE and OFAT have a similar comprehensive repetition error for all components

but the comprehensive loading error using MDOE can achieve an improvement up to 54% for the horizontal and lateral components. The present study indicates that MDOE can reduce the calibration systematic error effectively and has a better prediction capacity for small horizontal and lateral components.

关键词

Keywords

references

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