预冷型组合循环发动机技术

罗佳茂; 杨顺华; 母忠强; 张弯洲; 游进

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0294

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预冷型组合循环发动机技术

专栏——吸气式组合动力 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 预冷型组合循环发动机技术
- Technology analysis of pre-cooled combined-cycle engine
- 空气动力学学报 2022年40卷第1期页码：190-207
- 作者机构：
  
  北京流体动力科学研究中心,北京,100011
- 作者简介：
  
  罗佳茂（1994-），男，四川成都人，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：组合循环发动机
  杨顺华*（1976-），男，湖南新晃人，博士，研究员，研究方向：组合循环发动机.
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0294
  中图分类号： V236
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
罗佳茂, 杨顺华, 母忠强, 等. 预冷型组合循环发动机技术[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2022, 40(1): 190−207.

LUO Jiamao, YANG Shunhua, MU Zhongqiang, et al. Technology analysis of pre-cooled combined-cycle engine[J]. 2022, 40(1): 190-207.
罗佳茂, 杨顺华, 母忠强, 等. 预冷型组合循环发动机技术[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2022, 40(1): 190−207. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0294

LUO Jiamao, YANG Shunhua, MU Zhongqiang, et al. Technology analysis of pre-cooled combined-cycle engine[J]. 2022, 40(1): 190-207. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0294.

摘要

预冷型组合循环发动机具有工作速域宽、比冲高和推重比大等优点，在未来空天领域有广阔的应用前景。本文首先回顾了LACE、SABRE和ATREX等主要预冷型组合循环发动机的工作原理、技术特点和研究情况，对各型发动机热力循环中面临的难点问题进行了分析。其次，针对发动机预冷器、压气机、涡轮和燃烧室等关键部件，建立了热力循环计算模型，研究了预冷和燃烧对冷却剂的流量需求问题、预冷器与压气机性能参数匹配问题和压气机与涡轮共同工作问题等。结果显示，1.0～2.0倍当量比的氢在马赫数0～4.5速域内能将空气冷却51～476 K，而相同流量的甲烷在马赫数0～4.0速域内仅能将空气冷却24～182 K；熵函数用于表征预冷器和压气机在热势差效应和功热转换过程中的能量损失总和，根据发动机性能需求，在熵函数图上可设计不同的当量比-压比（

$ \varphi $

img text_id='M1' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2021-294_M1.jpg'>

$ {\pi _{\text{c}}} $

img text_id='M2' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2021-294_M2.jpg'>

）协同工作线；涡轮总功率是影响预冷发动机压气机压比的主要原因，与传统涡轮相比，驱动涡轮的工质（冷却剂）流量小，要求涡轮单位功率高，给涡轮设计带来挑战。最后结合评估结果对预冷型组合循环发动机的未来发展提出了一些建议。

Abstract

Pre-cooled combined-cycle engine shows a broad application perspective in aerospace field due to its superiority of wide-speed-spectrum

high specific impulse and thrust-to-w

eight ratio. First of all

this paper reviews the operation principle

technology characteristic and development progress of some typical pre-cooled combined-cycle engines

such as LACE

SABRE and ATREX. Analyses on critical thermal problems were carried out as well. Secondly

numerical models aimed at pre-cooler

compressor

turbine and combustor

etc. were established to investigate the fuel requirement of pre-cooling and combustion

the parameters matching method of pre-cooler and compressor

the synergetic working mode of compressor and turbine. The results shows that hydrogen with 1.0～2.0 times the equivalence ratio can cool the air by 51～476 K at

0～4.5

while methane with the same mass flowrate can only cool the air by 24～182 K at

0～4.0. The entropy function is applied to characterize the total energy loss of pre-cooler and compressor due to the thermal potential difference effect and the work-heat conversion. Different cooperative operation lines of equivalence ratio and pressure ratio (

$ \varphi $

img text_id='M3' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2021-294_M3.jpg'>

$ {\pi _{\text{c}}} $

img text_id='M4' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2021-294_M4.jpg'>

) can be designed on this entropy function diagram to meet the engine performance demands. The total power of turbine is the main reason affecting the compressor pressure ratio of pre-cooled engines. The massflow rate of working medium (coolant) for the pre-cooling engine turbine is relatively less compared with traditional turbine

which brings greater challenges to turbine design. Finally

taking the evaluation results into account

some recommendations for future research focuses on pre-cooled combined-cycle engine are proposed.

关键词

Keywords

references

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