仿生学覆羽控制翼型流动分离实验

巩绪安; 张鑫; 马兴宇; 范子椰; 姜楠

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0177

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仿生学覆羽控制翼型流动分离实验

翼型研究新进展 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 仿生学覆羽控制翼型流动分离实验
- Experiments on flow separation control with bionic coverts
- 空气动力学学报 2021年39卷第6期页码：184-195
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 天津大学机械工程学院力学系,天津,300354
  2. 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空气动力学国家重点实验室,绵阳,621000
  3. 天津市现代工程力学重点实验室,天津,300354
- 作者简介：
  
  巩绪安（1999-），安徽庐江人，男，硕士生，研究方向：实验流体力学. E-mail：xagong@yeah.net
  马兴宇*（1986-），河北石家庄人，男，副教授，研究方向：实验流体力学. E-mail：xingyuma@tju.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（11902218，11732010，11972251，11872272）;中德合作研究小组计划（GZ1575）;气动噪声控制重点实验室开放课题（ANCL20200105）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0177
  中图分类号： V211.7
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
巩绪安, 张鑫, 马兴宇, 等. 仿生学覆羽控制翼型流动分离实验[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2021, 39(6): 184−195.

GONG Xu’an, ZHANG Xin, MA Xingyu, et al. Experiments on flow separation control with bionic coverts[J]. 2021, 39(6): 184-195.
巩绪安, 张鑫, 马兴宇, 等. 仿生学覆羽控制翼型流动分离实验[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2021, 39(6): 184−195. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0177

GONG Xu’an, ZHANG Xin, MA Xingyu, et al. Experiments on flow separation control with bionic coverts[J]. 2021, 39(6): 184-195. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0177.

摘要

“高效率、低噪声”的飞行特点为猫头鹰披上了一层神秘的面纱。本文根据其翅膀覆羽的仿生学构造，设计了新型的柔性锯齿形旋涡发生器，铰接在NACA0018二维翼型各弦长位置处。通过风洞实验，研究了不同面密度柔性材料的流动分离控制效果。实验中，首先利用高时间分辨率的热线风速仪单点扫掠测量尾流区的流场信息，通过小波变换同时在时域、频域对各个尺度涡包的破碎和掺混过程展开分析，确定湍动能较高的特征测点位置后，利用两根热线探针双通道同时测量，得到不同位置的同步流场数据，通过互相关分析，在时域和频域上得到不同空间位置之间扰动的相关性，并结合CCD高速相机的拍摄结果，研究柔性材料的自适应形变规律与扰流涡之间的关系。实验结果表明：中等面密度的柔性材料控制效果较优，安装在尾缘时可以有效吸收附近34%的湍动能用于自适应地振动和变形；剪切层的上边界向下移动0.05倍弦长，尾缘和前缘剪切层的低频段功率谱密度分别下降了70%和50%，前缘剪切层的大尺度结构被破碎为小尺度结构，具有潜在的降噪效果，两剪切层的相关性在频域上得到显著增强。当旋涡发生器的安装位置向前缘移动时，其在逆压梯度下产生的扰动将向低频段转移，大尺度的扰流涡可以诱导分离泡的上边界下移0.1倍弦长。

Abstract

Inspired by the owl's high-efficiency and low-noise flight mode

this work studies the bionic structure of its coverts

and designs a new type of flexible serrated vortex generators with different flexible materials

which are hinged at several different locations of a two-dimensional NACA0018 airfoil in the wind tunnel

to study the flow separation control effect of flexible materials with different areal densities. In the experiment

a single-point sweep of a hot wire anemometer with high time resolution was used to measure the flow field information in the wake region

and the wavelet analysis was used to extract multi-scale structures in the time-frequency domain. After points with high kinetic energy were obtained

a two-channel hot-wire measurement was used to acquire synchronous velocity data at different locations

and the correlation between disturbances at different spatial positions was obtained in both the time and frequency domains through a cross-correlation analysis. A high-speed CCD camera was used to record the movement and adaptive deformation of the vortex generators

and the relation with disturbance vortices was analyzed. The experimental results suggest that

when installed on the trailing edge

medium density vortex generators can effectively absorb 34% of the nearby turbulent kinetic energy. The shear layer moves downstream by 0.05 times the chord length

and the low-frequency power spectral density of the trailing-edge and leading-edge shear layer is decreased by 70% and 50%

respectively. Large-scale structures of the leading-edge shear layer were broken into small-scale ones

and the correlation between the leading-edge and trailing-edge shear layers in the frequency domain was considerablely increased. When the installation location moves upstream

perturbations generated under the adverse pressure gradient were shifted to a low-frequency bandwidth

and the large-scale vortex can induce the separation bubble to move downstream by 0.1 times the chord length.

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