扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400 km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究

王田天; 胡冲; 龚彦峰; 杨明智; 熊小慧; 踪敬良; 陆意斌

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0101

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扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400 km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究

高速列车空气动力学专栏 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400 km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究
- Mitigation of micro-pressure wave at 400 km/h railway tunnel exit by oblique enlarged tunnel-hood
- 空气动力学学报 2021年39卷第5期页码：151-161
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中南大学交通运输工程学院，轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,长沙,410075
  2. 湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,长沙,410082
  3. 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉,430063
  4. 水下隧道技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,武汉,430063
- 作者简介：
  
  王田天（1989-），男，副教授，研究方向：列车空气动力学，结构健康监测等. E-mail：wangtiantian@csu.edu.cn
  陆意斌*（1998-），男，博士研究生，研究方向：列车空气动力学. E-mail：luyibin@csu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金青年&面上项目（51905547，52078199）;国家数值风洞工程（ NNW）;湖南省研究生科研创新项目（CX20200132）
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0101
  中图分类号： U238;U451+.3
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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王田天, 胡冲, 龚彦峰, 等. 扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400 km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2021, 39(5): 151−161.

WANG Tiantian, HU Chong, GONG Yanfeng, et al. Mitigation of micro-pressure wave at 400 km/h railway tunnel exit by oblique enlarged tunnel-hood[J]. 2021, 39(5): 151-161.
王田天, 胡冲, 龚彦峰, 等. 扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400 km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2021, 39(5): 151−161. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0101

WANG Tiantian, HU Chong, GONG Yanfeng, et al. Mitigation of micro-pressure wave at 400 km/h railway tunnel exit by oblique enlarged tunnel-hood[J]. 2021, 39(5): 151-161. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0101.

摘要

针对时速400 km高铁隧道口的微气压波研究，建立了基于三维可压缩非定常N−S方程和RNG

k-ε

双方程湍流模型的数值模拟方法，并通过动模型试验对计算方法进行了验证。文中分析了隧道长度、缓冲结构（带斜切的扩大段）长度和缓冲结构开孔数对微气压波的影响。研究结果表明：在一定隧道长度内，微气压波幅值随着隧道长度的增加逐渐增大；隧道口设置带斜切（30°）的等截面扩大段缓冲结构能有效缓解微气压波幅值，且随着缓冲结构的长度增加，微气压波幅值的缓解率先增大后减小，其中缓冲结构长88.56 m时缓解效果最佳，缓解率可达59.2%；该缓冲结构开孔后能进一步缓解微气压波幅值，缓冲结构开2个孔时的缓解效果最佳，缓解率可达70.9%。本文提出的缓冲结构能使得5 km及以下长度隧道的微气压波幅值达到国家规定标准，研究成果对时速400 km/h高速铁路隧道口缓冲结构的设计具有参考价值。

Abstract

Numerical simulations based on the three-dimensional

compressible

unsteady Navier-Stokes equations and the RNG

two-equation turbulence model are used to study the micro-pressure generated by a high-speed train passing through a tunnel at the speed of 400 km/h

and the numerical results are further verified by the moving model test. The effects on the micro-pressure wave at the tunnel exit by the tunnel length

the tunnel-hood length (enlarged section with oblique tunnel portal) and the number of openings holes on the tunnel-hood

are analyzed. Results show that:

when the tunnel length is in a certain range

the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave gradually increases with the increase of the tunnel length. The tunnel-hood with an enlarged section of equal cross-section with oblique tunnel portal (30°) at the tunnel entrance can effectively reduce the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave

the alleviative rate of the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave first increases then decreases with the increase of the tunnel-hood length

and the best mitigation effect is achieved when the length of the tunnel-hood is 88.56 m

with an alleviative rate up to 59.2%. The tunnel-hood can further alleviate the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave by opening holes

and the best mitigation effect is achieved when two holes are opened on the tunnel-hood

which results in an alleviative rate of 70.9%. The tunnel-hood proposed in this study can make the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave at the exit of a tunnel with a length less than 5 km meet the national standard. The present findings provide important guidance for the design of tunnel-hoods used in the 400 km/h high-speed railway.

关键词

Keywords

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