高超声速高焓风洞试验技术研究进展

姜宗林

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2019.0009

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高超声速高焓风洞试验技术研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-05-28

- 高超声速高焓风洞试验技术研究进展
- Progresses on experimental techniques of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels
- 空气动力学学报 2019年37卷第3期页码：347-355
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院力学研究所高温气体动力学国家重点实验室,北京,100190
  2. 中国科学院大学工程科学学院宇航工程科学系,北京,100049
- 作者简介：
  
  姜宗林(1955-), 男, 理学博士, 研究员, 博士生导师, 主要从事高超声速与高温气体流动、高焓激波风洞理论与技术、激波与爆轰物理、高超声速推进理论与技术研究.E-mail:zljiang@imech.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(11532014, 11727901)
- DOI：10.7638/kqdlxxb-2019.0009
  中图分类号： V211.7
- 纸质出版：2019
- 稿件说明：
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姜宗林. 高超声速高焓风洞试验技术研究进展[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2019, 37(3): 347-355.

JIANG Zonglin. Progresses on experimental techniques of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels[J]. 2019, 37(3): 347-355.
姜宗林. 高超声速高焓风洞试验技术研究进展[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2019, 37(3): 347-355. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2019.0009.

JIANG Zonglin. Progresses on experimental techniques of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels[J]. 2019, 37(3): 347-355. DOI： 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2019.0009.

摘要

高焓风洞及其试验技术是助力人类进入高超声速飞行时代的基石，近年来取得了长足的进展。本文首先重点介绍了四种典型驱动模式的高焓风洞，即直接加热型高超声速风洞、加热轻气体驱动激波风洞、自由活塞驱动激波风洞和爆轰驱动激波风洞。通过这些代表性风洞的介绍，讨论了相关风洞的理论基础和关键技术及其长处与不足。由于高超声速高焓流动具高温热化学反应特征，风洞试验技术研究还包含着针对高焓特色的测量技术发展。本文介绍了三种主要测量技术：气动热测量技术、气动天平技术和光学测量技术。这些技术是依据常规风洞试验测量需求而研制的，又根据高焓风洞的特点得到了进一步的改进和完善。最后对高超声速高焓风洞试验技术发展做了简单展望。

Abstract

The development of high enthalpy wind tunnel and its test technology are the cornerstone to help mankind enter the hypersonic era

and the great progress has been achieved in recent years. High enthalpy wind tunnels with four typical driving modes are introduced. Those are the air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel

the light-gas-heated shock tunnel

the free-piston-driven shock tunnel

and the detonation-driven shock tunnel. Theories and critical techniques for developing these wind tunnels are introduced

and their merits and weakness are discussed based on tunnel performance evaluation. The measurement techniques are usually included into wind tunnel techniques because that the hypersonic and high-enthalpy flow is a chemically-reacting gas motion and its diagnose needs specially-designed instruments. Three measuring techniques are introduced here

including aerodynamic heat flux sensors

aerodynamic balances

and optical diagnose techniques. These techniques were usually developed for conventional hypersonic wind tunnels and combustion research

and are further improved to measure the hypersonic and high-enthalpy flows. The prospect for developing the experimental techniques of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels is presented from author's point view.

关键词

Keywords

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