中国海相油气成藏理论,新进展与万米深层,超大型油气区预测

朱光有; 姜华; 黄士鹏; 马德波; 张明; 陈玮岩; 管树巍; 范俊佳; 曾富英

doi:10.7623/syxb202504011

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中国海相油气成藏理论,新进展与万米深层,超大型油气区预测

综述 | 更新时间：2025-12-13

- 中国海相油气成藏理论,新进展与万米深层,超大型油气区预测
- New progress of marine hydrocarbon accumulation theory and prediction of super large oil and gas areas in deep strata buried at a depth of about 10 000 meters in China
- 石油学报 2025年46卷第4期页码：816-842
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 长江大学地球科学学院,湖北,武汉,430100
  2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京,100083
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金重点基金项目“南华纪间冰期烃源岩的形成机制;分布规律与成烃机理”(No.42230812)和中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“海相碳酸盐岩成藏理论与勘探技术研究”(2021DJ05)资助。
- DOI：10.7623/syxb202504011
  中图分类号： E122.3
- 网络出版：2025-05-10，
  
  纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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朱光有, 姜华, 黄士鹏, 马德波, 张明, 陈玮岩, 管树巍, 范俊佳, 曾富英. 中国海相油气成藏理论,新进展与万米深层,超大型油气区预测[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(4): 816-842.

Zhu Guangyou, Jiang Hua, Huang Shipeng, et al. New progress of marine hydrocarbon accumulation theory and prediction of super large oil and gas areas in deep strata buried at a depth of about 10 000 meters in China[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(4): 816-842.
朱光有, 姜华, 黄士鹏, 马德波, 张明, 陈玮岩, 管树巍, 范俊佳, 曾富英. 中国海相油气成藏理论,新进展与万米深层,超大型油气区预测[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(4): 816-842. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202504011.

Zhu Guangyou, Jiang Hua, Huang Shipeng, et al. New progress of marine hydrocarbon accumulation theory and prediction of super large oil and gas areas in deep strata buried at a depth of about 10 000 meters in China[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(4): 816-842. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202504011.

摘要

海相碳酸盐岩是中国陆上油气勘探的重要组成部分

近年来取得了一系列勘探突破

为保障中国能源安全发挥了重要作用。结合近期中国三大克拉通盆地油气勘探成效

系统梳理了中国海相油气成藏理论、勘探技术与油气发现等最新进展。①中国三大克拉通的海相油气勘探成效显著:塔里木盆地富满地区、顺北地区发现两个地质储量达10亿吨级超深层断控型特大油气田

四川盆地川中古隆起北斜坡区发现万亿立方米级大气区

鄂尔多斯盆地在奥陶系盐下马家沟组五段6亚段—马家沟组四段白云岩中发现了多个勘探新区带。②在储层预测与成储过程示踪方面取得了一系列重要进展:Mg同位素示踪白云石化过程的研究推动了白云岩成因机理的发展;通过分析深部断溶体等多类碳酸盐岩储集空间特征及保持机制

明确了碳酸盐岩洞穴储层勘探深度的下限远远超过可钻深度;断溶体刻画、礁滩体表征、储层透明与定容表征等技术进步推动了高效勘探的进程

显著提高了钻井成功率。③成藏过程与流体示踪方面进展显著:轻烃、同位素、生物标志化合物等分析技术的创新

提升了油—气—源对比的有效性;多种成藏定年技术取得的重要进展有效指导了成藏有利区的确定;油气藏演化与重建技术的不断发展推动了中国复杂构造背景下海相碳酸盐岩的成藏过程分析由定性向定量转变。④系统分析中国海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏的富集规律与主控要素

明确了中国海相油气藏具有面积分布大、油气柱幅度大、高产井受烃源岩与规模储层联合控制、走滑断裂控制富集区、油气藏寿命超长的鲜明特征。⑤中国海相盆地万米深层资源潜力巨大

潜在发育5个万亿立方米级大气区和1个10亿吨级大油田区。中国海相油气成藏理论的发展丰富了特色小克拉通盆地的油气成藏理论

推动了石油地质理论的不断进步

并在中国万米深层油气勘探实践中发挥着重要作用。

Abstract

Marine carbonate rocks are an important part of onshore oil-gas exploration in China. A series of exploration breakthroughs have been made in recent years

which play an important role in ensuring energy security. Based on the recent achievements of petroleum exploration in the three craton basins of China

this paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the theory and technology of marine petroleum accumulation in China

and forms the following understandings and advances. (1)Significant achievements have been made in marine oil and gas exploration in three major cratons. For example

two ultra-deep fault-controlled giant oil-gas fields with 1 billion tons of geological reserves have been discovered in in Fuman and Shunbei areas of Tarim Basin

the trillion cubic meters of large gas field has been initially established in the northern slope of central Sichuan Basin

and several new exploration zones have been discovered in the dolomites from the Ordovician pre-salt submember 6 of Member 5 of Majiagou Formation to Member 4 of Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin. (2)A series of important advances have been made in reservoir prediction and reservoir tracing. For example

the study of Mg isotope tracing dolomitization process has promoted the development of genetic mechanism analysis of dolomite. By analyzing the spatial characteristics and retention mechanism of carbonate reservoirs such as deep fault solution

it is clear that the lower limit of exploration depth of carbonate cavern reservoir is far beyond the drilling depth. Advances in fault solution characterization

reef bank characterization

reservoir transparency and constant volume characterization have promoted efficient exploration and significantly improved drilling success. (3)Remarkable progress has been made in hydrocarbon accumulation process and fluid tracing. For example

technological innovations such as light hydrocarbons

isotopes and biomarkers have been used to improve the effectiveness of hydrocarbon source correlation. Important progress has been made in the dating techniques of accumulation with various methods

which can effectively guide the determination of favorable accumulation areas. With the development of hydrocarbon reservoir evolution and reconstruction technology

the marine carbonate reservoir formation process under complex tectonic background has been transformed from qualitative analysis to quantitative study. (4)By systematically analyzeing the accumulation law and main controlling factors of marine carbonate oil and gas in China

it is clear that marine oil and gas reservoirs in China are characterized by large area distribution

large amplitude of oil and gas column

high production well controlled by source rock and large-scale reservoir

oil and gas richment controlled by strike-slip fault

and ultra-long life of hydrocarbon reservoirs. (5)The deep and ultra-deep resource potential of marine basins in China is huge

with the potential development of 5 trillion cubic meter gas fields and 1 billion-ton oilfield. The development of marine oil and gas theory enriches the accumulation theory of small craton basins

promotes the progress of petroleum geology theory

and plays an important role in the practice of oil and gas exploration.

关键词

Keywords

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