油泥热解过程中重金属的迁移转化

全翠; 高宁博; 索浩杰; 张广涛; 宋庆彬

doi:10.7623/syxb202503011

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油泥热解过程中重金属的迁移转化

石油工程 | 更新时间：2025-12-03

- 油泥热解过程中重金属的迁移转化
- Migration and transformation of heavy metals during oily sludge pyrolysis
- 石油学报 2025年46卷第3期页码：621-632
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西,西安,710049
  2. 澳门科技大学创新工程学院澳门环境研究院中国澳门特别行政区,999078
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "全翠,女,1985年12月生,2012年获大连理工大学博士学位,现为西安交通大学副教授,主要从事废物能源化研究工作。Email:quancui@xjtu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7623/syxb202503011
  中图分类号： TE992
- 网络出版：2025-04-03，
  
  纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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全翠, 高宁博, 索浩杰, 张广涛, 宋庆彬. 油泥热解过程中重金属的迁移转化[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(3): 621-632.

Quan Cui, Gao Ningbo, Suo Haojie, et al. Migration and transformation of heavy metals during oily sludge pyrolysis[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(3): 621-632.
全翠, 高宁博, 索浩杰, 张广涛, 宋庆彬. 油泥热解过程中重金属的迁移转化[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(3): 621-632. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202503011.

Quan Cui, Gao Ningbo, Suo Haojie, et al. Migration and transformation of heavy metals during oily sludge pyrolysis[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2025, 46(3): 621-632. DOI： 10.7623/syxb202503011.

摘要

油泥中含有重金属

在油泥热解过程中

其含有的重金属或迁移到热解气、热解液中

或残留在热解残渣中。为研究含油污泥热解过程中重金属的迁移转化行为

考察了热解温度、停留时间对重金属在固、气、液三相产物中的分配及热解残渣中重金属形态分布的影响。此外

分析了热解残渣中重金属的浸出特性

对其生态风险进行评估。采用改进的3级连续提取BCR法和风险评价指数法对热解残渣中的重金属进行形态分析和风险评估

借助元素分析、X射线荧光光谱、傅里叶红外光谱等表征手段对热解残渣进行分析

将各因素对重金属迁移转化的影响机制进行了研究。研究结果表明:①在含油污泥热解过程中

重金属主要分布在热解残渣中

仅有不足3%的重金属分布在热解液和热解气中。②低温对重金属迁移行为的影响较小

但在700℃时

Cr、Cu和Pb向热解液中的迁移率急剧增加。③热解增加了Cr、Cu和Pb的稳定性

但不利于Ni和Zn的固定。④热解降低了Cr、Ni和Pb的浸出浓度

但激活了Zn的浸出活性

致使Zn从低风险升高至中风险

重金属的固定效果与无机矿物的含量密切相关。

Abstract

During oily sludge pyrolysis

the heavy metals contained in oily sludge may migrate to pyrolysis gas

pyrolysis liquid

or remain in the pyrolysis residue. In order to explore the migration and transformation behavior of heavy metals during oily sludge pyrolysis

the effects of pyrolysis temperature and residence time on the distribution of heavy metals in the solid-gas-liquid phase products and their morphological distribution in the pyrolysis residue were mainly investigated. In addition

the leaching characteristics of heavy metals in the pyrolysis residue were analyzed

and their ecological risks were assessed. The modified BCR three-stage sequential extraction procedure and risk assessment index method were adopted to conduct morphological analysis and risk assessment on heavy metals in the pyrolysis residue. Later

the pyrolysis residue was analyzed by means of elemental analysis

X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

and Fourier infrared spectroscopy

and the influence mechanism of various factors on the migration and transformation of heavy metals was discussed. The results indicate that:(1)During oily sludge pyrolysis

heavy metals are mainly distributed in the pyrolysis residue

and less than 3 % of heavy metals are distributed in the pyrolysis liquid and pyrolysis gas. (2)Low temperature has little effect on the migration of heavy metals

and the migration rates of Cr

Cu and Pb rise sharply at 700 ℃. (3)Pyrolysis enhances the stability of Cr

Cu and Pb

but is not conducive to the immobilization of Ni and Zn. (4)Pyrolysis reduces the leaching concentrations of Cr

Ni and Pb

but activates the leaching activity of Zn

which results in an increased risk for Zn from low to medium level and the immobilization effect of heavy metals is closely related to the content of inorganic minerals.

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