With the growing demand for renewable energy

China has built a multitude of photovoltaic(PV)power stations.However

due to the intermittency and volatility inherent in PV power generation

it is necessary to level its output power.This study begins by establishing models for both a flywheel and a lithium battery.Then

the output power of the PV station is decomposed using the variational mode decomposition(VMD)method to obtain charging and discharging commands for different energy storage units.Considering the response times of diverse energy storage systems

the study determines the capacity configurations for each system.Additionally

incorporating historical operational data from lithium-ion batteries

a longevity model for these batteries is devised to prolong their lifespan.A coordinated control strategy for the hybrid energy storage system is introduced using a particle swarm filtering algorithm.Finally

the efficacy of the proposed control strategy for hybrid energy storage systems is validated through simulation results based on historical operational data from a 15 MW-rated PV station.