大连理工大学水电与水信息研究所,辽宁 大连 116024
李彬(2002—),男,硕士,主要从事水风光多能互补、新能源极端分析。
张俊涛(1993—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事风光水蓄储多能互补规划与运行、水电系统调度。
收稿:2026-02-05,
修回:2026-03-20,
录用:2026-03-30,
网络首发:2026-04-10,
纸质出版:2026-06-25
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李彬,张俊涛,程春田.源荷匹配下梯级水电站对新能源极端波动的调节能力量化评估[J].人民珠江,2026,47(6):116-132.
LI Bin,ZHANG Juntao,CHENG Chuntian.Quantitative Evaluation of Regulation Capacity of Cascade Hydropower Stations for Extreme Fluctuations of New Energy Under Source-Load Matching[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(06):116-132.
李彬,张俊涛,程春田.源荷匹配下梯级水电站对新能源极端波动的调节能力量化评估[J].人民珠江,2026,47(6):116-132. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.06.011.
LI Bin,ZHANG Juntao,CHENG Chuntian.Quantitative Evaluation of Regulation Capacity of Cascade Hydropower Stations for Extreme Fluctuations of New Energy Under Source-Load Matching[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(06):116-132. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.06.011.
极端天气下新能源出力持续极端波动与用电负荷攀升形成的剪刀差调节需求,已成为电网电力电量平衡面临的巨大挑战,量化大型流域梯级水电对新能源连续极端波动调节能力具有重要意义。利用中国西南某电网2016—2024年历史实际逐日新能源出力和负荷数据,采用双阈值定义法识别出6种新能源极端波动并得到负荷波动规律,通过线性方程拟合和皮尔逊相关性分析揭示了两者间的潜在趋势和相关性。基于此考虑复杂水力电力联系,建立了梯级水电站对负荷与新能源关联极端波动的调节能力量化评估模型,通过gurobi求解器高效求解。基于不同负荷波动场景,分析了消落期和蓄水期工况下梯级水电调节能力。结果显示风电和光伏极端波动年均分别发生22次和20次,风光复合极端波动年均发生3次。所有极端事件中负荷波动方向与新能源极端波动方向相反的概率约48%,仅光伏极端低波动的波动幅度与负荷波动幅度之间具有明显下降趋势和负相关性。梯级水电在该2种工况下对负荷与新能源关联极端高波动和低波动均有一定调节能力,且蓄水期的调节能力更强,对风光复合极端波动的调节能力整体比单一新能源极端波动要弱。故出现负荷与新能源关联极端波动时,梯级水电能为电网提供一定支撑能力,但对于更极端的负荷与新能源反向波动,需借助储能等手段来防御。
The scissors difference regulation demand formed by the persistent extreme fluctuations of new energy output and the surge of power load under extreme weather has become a huge challenge for the power and energy balance of the power grid. It is of great significance to quantify the regulation capacity of large watershed cascade hydropower stations for the continuous extreme fluctuations of new energy. Using the historical actual daily output data of new energy in a power grid in Southwest China from 2016 to 2024
six types of extreme fluctuations of new energy were identified by the double-threshold definition method
and the load fluctuation law during the occurrence of extreme events was obtained. The potential trends and correlations between extreme fluctuations of new energy and changes in load demand were revealed through linear equation fitting and Pearson correlation analysis. On this basis
considering the complex hydraulic and electrical connections
a quantitative evaluation model for the regulation capacity of cascade hydropower stations for the associated extreme fluctuations of load and new energy was established
which was efficiently solved by the Gurobi solver. Based on different load fluctuation scenarios
the regulation capacity of cascade hydropower under the working conditions of drawdown period and impoundment period was analyzed. The results show that extreme wind power fluctuations and extreme photovoltaic fluctuations occur 22 times and 20 times per year on average
respectively
and combined wind-solar extreme fluctuations occur 3 times per year on average. Among all extreme events
the probability that the direction of load fluctuation is opposite to that of extreme new energy fluctuation is about 48%
and only the extreme low photovoltaic fluctuation amplitude has an obvious downward trend and negative correlation with the load fluctuation amplitude. When cascade hydropower stations are in the drawdown period or impoundment period with moderate water levels
they have a certain regulation capacity for both associated extreme high and low fluctuations of load and new energy
and the regulation capacity in the impoundment period is stronger. The overall regulation capacity for combined wind-solar extreme fluctuations is weaker than that for single new energy extreme fluctuations. Therefore
when associated extreme fluctuations of load and new energy occur
cascade hydropower stations can provide certain support capacity for the power grid. However
for more extreme reverse fluctuations of load and new energy
it is necessary to resort to energy storage and other means
which provides a decision-making basis for the power grid to defend against such extreme events.
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