贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院股份有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550000
陈彪(1987—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事水利工程设计等工作。联系作者:致信rmzj@pearlwater.gov.cn,由期刊转接。
收稿:2025-12-30,
修回:2026-04-28,
录用:2026-04-30,
网络首发:2026-05-12,
纸质出版:2026-06-25
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陈彪,刘涛.基于三维数值模拟的宽尾墩联合底流消能水流特性分析[J].人民珠江,2026,47(6):82-91.
CHEN Biao,LIU Tao.Analysis of Flow Characteristics of Flaring Pier Combined with Underflow Energy Dissipation Based on Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(06):82-91.
陈彪,刘涛.基于三维数值模拟的宽尾墩联合底流消能水流特性分析[J].人民珠江,2026,47(6):82-91. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.06.008.
CHEN Biao,LIU Tao.Analysis of Flow Characteristics of Flaring Pier Combined with Underflow Energy Dissipation Based on Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(06):82-91. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.06.008.
针对高水头、大单宽流量条件下宽尾墩联合底流消能的水力特性问题,以宣威水库工程为背景,建立经物理模型验证的三维数值模型,系统分析收缩比
λ
与收缩段水平投影长度
l
对消力池流场、流速、压强及消能效率的影响。结果表明,收缩比是控制消能效果的核心参数。研究发现,收缩比过大的“弱约束”方案(
λ
=0.615,
l
=6 m)会导致墩后射流流速过高,威胁底板安全;而收缩比过小的“强约束”方案(
λ
=0.385,
l
=6 m)则易形成集中高速射流,使尾坎流速偏大,能量耗散不充分。通过多方案对比,最终优选出
λ
=0.462、
l
=7 m的方案,该方案下消力池内沿程及尾坎流速最小,水流形成出射角低、衔接平顺的厚水舌,且压强分布更优,兼具良好的消能效果与结构安全性
。
Ensuring safe flood discharge and efficient energy dissipation under high head and large unit discharge is a critical challenge in high dam engineering. The combination of flaring piers and underflow energy dissipation provides an effective solution. To optimize the geometric design of flaring piers
this study takes the Xuanwei Reservoir project as a case study. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was developed using the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method
and validated against physical experiments. The validation results confirm that the RNG k-ε model can effectively reproduce the complex flow characteristics associated with flaring piers combined with underflow energy dissipation. The effects of the contraction ratio (
λ
) and the horizontal projection length of the contraction section (
l
) on the flow field
velocity
pressure distribution
and energy dissipation efficiency in the stilling basin were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that the contraction ratio is the dominant parameter controlling energy dissipation performance. A weakly constrained configuration with a large contraction ratio (
λ
= 0.615
l
= 6 m) leads to excessively high jet velocities downstream of the pier
posing a risk to the bottom slab. In contrast
a strongly constrained configuration with a small contraction ratio (
λ
= 0.385
l
= 6 m) tends to produce a concentrated high-velocity jet
resulting in elevated velocities at the end sill and insufficient energy dissipation. Based on a comparative analysis of multiple configurations
an optimal scheme with
λ
= 0.462 and
l
= 7 m was identified. Under this scheme
velocities along the stilling basin and at the end sill are minimized
the flow forms a thick w
ater tongue with a low exit angle and a smooth transition
and the pressure distribution is improved. The energy dissipation efficiency reaches 71.52%
achieving a favorable balance between energy dissipation performance and structural safety.
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