1.同济大学土木工程学院,上海 200092
2.珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广东 广州 510611
3.中国气象局上海 城市气候变化应对重点开放实验室,上海 200030
彭宇杰(2002—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事城市水文研究。
周正正(1988—),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为城市水文、极端水文气象事件。
收稿:2026-02-11,
修回:2026-03-20,
录用:2026-03-27,
网络首发:2026-04-23,
纸质出版:2026-06-25
移动端阅览
彭宇杰,梁冀雨,陈伟昌,等.中国典型城市群极端暴雨时空演化规律[J].人民珠江,2026,47(6):1-16.
PENG Yujie,LIANG Jiyu,CHEN Weichang,et al.Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Extreme Rainfall in Typical Urban Agglomerations of China[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(06):1-16.
彭宇杰,梁冀雨,陈伟昌,等.中国典型城市群极端暴雨时空演化规律[J].人民珠江,2026,47(6):1-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.06.001.
PENG Yujie,LIANG Jiyu,CHEN Weichang,et al.Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Extreme Rainfall in Typical Urban Agglomerations of China[J].PEARL RIVER,2026,47(06):1-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2026.06.001.
基于2000—2023年的GPM-IMERG高分辨率卫星降雨数据,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Pettitt突变检验、空间重心分析以及空间异质性分析等方法,对京津冀、长三角及粤港澳大湾区年最大6 h降雨的时空演化特性进行对比研究。结果表明:三大城市群极端降雨时空演变差异显著。年际变化上,京津冀呈显著上升、高波动特征;长三角表现为微弱上升、高稳定特征;粤港澳大湾区虽降雨强度最高,但呈显著下降趋势。年内分布上,由北向南呈现单峰—混合—双峰的季节性演变及南早北晚的日变化规律。空间分布上,极端降雨重心表现出显著的聚集性与定向偏移特征,空间聚集性和空间变异性呈北高南低、内陆强于沿海的分布特征。研究成果揭示了不同气候背景下城市群极端暴雨的非平稳演化机理,可为优化区域防洪排涝标准、制定差异化的极端暴雨防控策略提供科学依据。
Under the dual impacts of global climate change and rapid urbanization
extreme rainfall events exhibit pronounced non-stationarity
posing severe flood risks to densely populated regions. While prior studies have often focused on individual areas
comparative analyses across diverse climatic zones remain limited. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of annual maximum 6-hour rainfall across three major Chinese urban agglomerations—the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region
the Yangtze River Delta (YRD)
and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)—which respectively represent typical temperate
subtropical
and tropical monsoon climates. Utilizing the GPM-IMERG high-resolution satellite precipitation dataset from 2000 to 2023
this research addresses the spatial limitations inherent in conventional rain gauge observations. A comprehensive methodological framework was employed
integrating the Mann-Kendall trend test
Pettitt change-point test
kernel density estimation (KDE)
spatial gravity center trajectory analysis
and spatial heterogeneity analysis (Moran's I and Coefficient of Variation). The results reveal substantial regional disparities in extreme rainfall evolution. In terms of interannual variability
the BTH region exhibits a significant increasing trend coupled with high fluctuation and instability. Conversely
the YRD region demonstrates a state of high stability with a non-significant
slight upward drift. Although the GBA retains the highest absolute rainfall intensity
it displays a significant decreasing trend
with its stability ranking intermediate among the three regions. Regarding intra-annual distribution
a distinct latitudinal transition is observed from north to south. Seasonally
the pattern shifts from a strict unimodal regime in BTH (heavily concentrated in summer) to a mixed multi-seasonal pattern in YRD
and ultimately to a bimodal pattern (spring and summer peaks) in GBA. Diurnally
a "south-early
north-late" triggering mechanism is identified. Peak rainfall in BTH concentrates in the afternoon to late evening (14:00-21:00)
driven by afternoon thermal convection
whereas peaks in YRD and GBA predominantly occur during the early morning or predawn hours (00:00-06:00)
closely linked to nocturnal rain mechanisms
sea-land breezes
and low-level jets. Spatially
the gravity centers of extreme rainfall in all three agglomerations exhibit significant clustering and directional migration
shaped by local topography and prevailing wind directions. Moreover
the degree of spatial clustering and heterogeneity follows a "north-high
south-low" pattern
with inland cities generally showing stronger spatial concentration and variability than their coastal counterparts
reflecting the comparatively homogeneous spatial response of coastal plains. In summary
this study elucidates the non-stationary evolutionary mechanisms governing extreme rainfall across urban agglomerations under heterogeneous climatic backgrounds. The findings provide a robust scientific basis for optimizing regional flood control and drainage design standards
thereby facilitating the development of spatially differentiated
resilience-oriented strategies for extreme weather prevention and mitigation.
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