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杨卓栋,韩晓男,王智冬,蒋维勇,薛彪,陈启超,孟健.西班牙“4·28”大停电事故对我国新型电力系统规划的启示[J].智慧电力,2026,54(5):1-12.
doi:10.20204/j.sp.2026.05001
杨卓栋,韩晓男,王智冬,蒋维勇,薛彪,陈启超,孟健.西班牙“4·28”大停电事故对我国新型电力系统规划的启示[J].智慧电力,2026,54(5):1-12. DOI: 10.20204/j.sp.2026.05001.
doi:10.20204/j.sp.2026.05001 DOI:
2025年4月28日,西班牙电网发生大规模停电事故,波及西班牙、葡萄牙及法国南部,超5 000万人受影响。事故的直接诱因是光伏电站的强迫振荡,并引发新能源机组因过电压连锁脱网,最终导致系统崩溃。深入分析表明,此次事故暴露了高比例新能源电力系统的多重深层隐患:一是电网无功补偿容量不足,无法就地平衡冗余无功;二是西班牙与欧洲主网互联薄弱,事故时难以获得有效支援;三是灵活调节资源建设严重滞后且与惯量失配,难以平抑功率缺额。在梳理事故过程与原因的基础上,结合我国新型电力系统建设现状,从优化规划思路、构建坚强网架、配置合理无功、完善涉网标准及提升灵活资源等方面,总结了其对于我国电网安全发展的深刻启示。
On April 28
2025
a large-scale blackout occurred in the Spanish power grid
affecting Spain
Portugal
and southern France
with over 50 million people impacted. The direct cause of the incident was forced oscillations in photovoltaic power plants
which triggered a chain of overvoltage-induced disconnections of renewable energy units
ultimately leading to system collapse. In-depth analysis reveals that this accident exposed multiple underlying risks in power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy:first
insufficient reactive power compensation capacity in the grid
making it impossible to balance redundant reactive power locally; second
weak interconnection between Spain and the main European grid
preventing effective support during the incident; and third
a severe lag in the construction of flexible regulation resources and a mismatch with inertia
making it difficult to compensate for power deficits. Based on a review of the accident process and causes
and considering the current state of China's new-type power system construction
this paper summarizes profound lessons for the secure development of China's power grid
including optimizing planning approaches
constructing robust grid structures
configuring adequate reactive power
improving grid-connection standards
and enhancing flexible resources.
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