EN储能在电力系统调频中的应用分析与未来展望
Application Analysis and Future Prospects of Energy Storage in Power System Frequency Regulation
- 智慧电力 2026年54卷第2期 页码：1-11
- 作者机构：
（西安交通大学 电气工程学院， ）,陕西,西安,710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
DOI：10.20204/j.sp.2026.02001
中图分类号：-
纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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巨 胜,刘 俊,默天啸,林凯威,何香凝,王佩玘.储能在电力系统调频中的应用分析与未来展望[J].智慧电力,2026,54(2):1-11.
doi:10.20204/j.sp.2026.02001
巨 胜,刘 俊,默天啸,林凯威,何香凝,王佩玘.储能在电力系统调频中的应用分析与未来展望[J].智慧电力,2026,54(2):1-11. DOI： 10.20204/j.sp.2026.02001.
doi:10.20204/j.sp.2026.02001 DOI：
摘要
在“双碳”目标驱动下，可再生能源快速发展、同步机组逐步退出电网，系统惯性与调频能力明显削弱，使频率稳定性面临严峻挑战，储能参与调频因此成为兼顾安全性与经济性的关键途径。在梳理调频需求的基础上，筛选超级电容器、超导磁储能、飞轮储能及电化学储能等快速响应技术，比较其在响应速度、功率与能量特性、循环寿命以及成本等方面的适用性，归纳相关工程应用与研究进展，明确不同储能类型适合承担的调频角色。进一步从控制层面系统总结PID控制、下垂控制、模型预测控制及人工智能控制等典型策略的结构特点与性能差异，分析混合储能以及储能与风光、火电协同调频在提升频率支撑能力、缓解电池衰减和降低运行成本方面的作用，并简要指出储能调频在智能化控制与市场机制建设方面的主要发展方向，未来需通过深化电力市场改革、完善辅助服务补偿机制，并借助技术融合与模式创新，推动储能调频从“政策驱动”转向“市场驱动”。
Abstract
Driven by the “dual-carbon” targets
the rapid development of renewable energy and the gradual withdrawal of synchronous units have significantly reduced system inertia and frequency-regulation capability
bringing severe challenges to frequency stability; therefore
energy storage for frequency regulation has become a key solution balancing security and economy. Based on a review of frequency-regulation requirements
this paper selects fast-response technologies including supercapacitors
superconducting magnetic energy storage
flywheel energy storage
and electrochemical energy storage
compares their applicability in terms of response speed
power and energy characteristics
cycle life
and cost
summarizes related engineering practices and research progress
and clarifies the frequency-regulation roles suited for different storage types. Furthermore
from the control perspective
this paper systematically summarizes the structural features and performance differences of typical strategies such as PID control
droop control
model predictive control
and artificial-intelligence-based control. It also analyzes the roles of hybrid energy storage and the coordinated frequency regulation of storage with wind
solar
and thermal power in improving frequency support capability
mitigating battery degradation
and reducing operational costs. Finally
it briefly points out the main development directions in intelligent control and market-mechanism construction for energy-storage-based frequency regulation.Future efforts should promote the transition of energy storage-based frequency regulation from being policy-driven to market-driven by deepening electricity market reforms
improving ancillary service compensation mechanisms
and leveraging technological integration and business model innovation.
关键词
Keywords
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