Ru基催化剂在锂-杂质空气电池的应用及展望

陈浮; 梁华根; 王圣

doi:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.011

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Ru基催化剂在锂-杂质空气电池的应用及展望

储能技术及其在电力系统发电侧的应用 | 更新时间：2026-10-14

- Ru基催化剂在锂-杂质空气电池的应用及展望
- Application and perspectives of Ru-based catalysts in Lithium-Air impurity batteries
- 电力科技与环保 2025年41卷第3期页码：467-476
- 作者机构：
  
  1.河海大学，江苏南京 211100
  2.中国矿业大学，江苏徐州 221008
  3.低碳智能燃煤发电与超净排放全国重点实验室（国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司），江苏南京 210023
- 作者简介：
  
  陈浮（1974—），男，教授，主要从事环境科学与碳中和等方面的研究，chenfu@hhu.edu.cn；
  梁华根（1985—），男，副研究员，主要从事环境能源材料、污染物治理等方面的研究，lhg654@126.com；
  王圣（1973—），男，教授级高级工程师，主要从电力行业大气污染控制、电力节能减排等方面的研究，499636873@qq.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  低碳智能燃煤发电与超净排放全国重点实验室开放课题项目(D2023FK081)
- DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.011
  中图分类号： TK02;TQ152
- 收稿：2024-12-28，
  
  录用：2025-05-10，
  
  纸质出版：2025-06-15
- 稿件说明：
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陈浮,梁华根,王圣.Ru基催化剂在锂-杂质空气电池的应用及展望[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(3):467-476.

CHEN Fu, LIANG Huagen, WANG Sheng. Application and perspectives of Ru-based catalysts in Lithium-Air impurity batteries[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(3):467-476.
陈浮,梁华根,王圣.Ru基催化剂在锂-杂质空气电池的应用及展望[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(3):467-476. DOI： 10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.011.

CHEN Fu, LIANG Huagen, WANG Sheng. Application and perspectives of Ru-based catalysts in Lithium-Air impurity batteries[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(3):467-476. DOI： 10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.011.

摘要

目的

为了提升锂-杂质空气电池的循环稳定性和环境适应性，系统总结Ru基催化剂在锂-杂质空气电池（Li-CO₂、Li-N₂、Li-SO₂）的应用进展，

方法

本文通过综述Li-CO₂、Li-N₂、Li-SO₂电池的反应机理，分析Ru基催化剂的设计策略，包括Ru单质、合金及单原子催化剂的溶剂热法、光诱导沉积法、原子级分散技术等合成方法，结合原位表征技术和理论计算评估催化剂的性能与反应路径。

结果

研究表明，Ru基催化剂显著降低了充电过电位并提升副产物的可逆分解能力。如Ru纳米粒子修饰的石墨烯在Li-CO₂电池中实现8 229 mA·h/g的高放电容量和3.8 V的低充电电压；RuCu合金催化剂将Li-CO₂电池的过电位降至0.98 V，循环寿命达180次；单原子Ru催化剂通过优化电子结构，进一步提升了CO₂还原/析出动力学。此外，Ru基催化剂在Li-N₂电池中展现出固氮潜力，在Li-SO₂电池中则通过抑制副产物积累延长循环寿命。

结论

Ru基催化剂通过调控电子结构、优化界面反应路径，有效解决了锂-空气电池因副产物导致的性能衰减问题。但贵金属成本高、资源稀缺等问题仍需通过开发合金化、单原子化及载体优化策略进一步解决。未来需深入探索Li-N₂和Li-SO₂电池的反应机理，并设计低成本、高稳定性的催化剂体系，以推动锂-空气电池在真实空气环境中的实用化。

Abstract

Objective

In order to improve the cycle stability and environmental adaptability of lithium-impurity air batteries

the application progress of Ru-based catalysts in lithium-impurity air batteries (Li-CO

Li-N

Li-SO

) was systematically summarized.

Methods

By analyzing the reaction mechanisms of Li-CO

Li-N

and Li-SO

batteries

the design strategies of Ru-based catalysts were systematically reviewed

including the synthesis of Ru nanoparticles

alloys

and single-atom catalysts via solvothermal

photo-deposition

and atomic dispersion techniques. Their performance and reaction pathways were evaluated using in-situ characterization and DFT calculations.

Results

demonstrate that Ru-based catalysts significantly reduce charging overpotential and enhance reversible decomposition of byproducts. For instance

Ru nanoparticle-decorated graphene in Li-CO

batteries achieved a high discharge capacity of 8 229 mA·h/g with a low charging voltage of 3.8 V. RuCu alloy catalysts reduced the overpotential to 0.98 V and extended cycle life to 180 cycles. Single-atom Ru catalysts optimized electron structure and accelerated CO

reduction/evolution kinetics. Additionally

Ru-based catalysts exhibited potential in nitrogen fixation for Li-N

batteries and suppressed byproduct accumulation in Li-SO

batteries.

Conclusion

Ru-based catalysts effectively address performance degradation in lithium-air batteries by regulating electronic structure and interfacial reaction pathways. However

challenges such

as high cost and resource scarcity require further strategies like alloying

single-atom engineering

and carrier optimization. Future research should focus on elucidating reaction mechanisms in Li-N

and Li-SO

systems and designing cost-effective

stable catalysts to advance the practical application of lithium-air batteries in real air environments.

关键词

Keywords

references

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