废旧磷酸铁锂电池的回收利用技术研究进展

曹查理; 曾凡乐; 杨浩; 王雪莹; 刘朝孟; 高宣雯

doi:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.010

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废旧磷酸铁锂电池的回收利用技术研究进展

储能技术及其在电力系统发电侧的应用 | 更新时间：2026-10-14

- 废旧磷酸铁锂电池的回收利用技术研究进展
- Research progress on recycling technology of waste lithium iron phosphate battery
- 电力科技与环保 2025年41卷第3期页码：453-466
- 作者机构：
  
  东北大学冶金学院，辽宁沈阳 110000
- 作者简介：
  
  曹查理（2004—），男，本科，主要从事新能源等方面的研究，2106573917@qq.com；
  曾凡乐（2005—），男，本科，主要从事新能源等方面的研究，2070325310@qq.com；
  杨浩（2004—），男，本科，主要从事新能源等方面的研究，20233171@stu.neu.edu.cn；
  王雪莹（2005—），女，本科，主要从事新能源等方面的研究，2321894722@qq.com；
  刘朝孟（1992—），男，讲师，主要从事钾离子电池、钠离子电池体系关键材料开发等方面的研究，liuzhaomeng@smm.neu.edu.cn；
  高宣雯（1985—），女，副教授，主要从事新能源电池材料的合成与回收方面等方面的研究，gaoxuanwen@mail.neu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(52272194)
- DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.010
  中图分类号： TK02;X705
- 收稿：2025-01-22，
  
  录用：2025-05-22，
  
  纸质出版：2025-06-15
- 稿件说明：
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曹查理,曾凡乐,杨浩，等.废旧磷酸铁锂电池的回收利用技术研究进展[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(3):453-466.

CAO Chali, ZENG Fanle, YANG Hao, et al. Research progress on recycling technology of waste lithium iron phosphate battery[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(3):453-466.
曹查理,曾凡乐,杨浩，等.废旧磷酸铁锂电池的回收利用技术研究进展[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(3):453-466. DOI： 10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.010.

CAO Chali, ZENG Fanle, YANG Hao, et al. Research progress on recycling technology of waste lithium iron phosphate battery[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(3):453-466. DOI： 10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.010.

摘要

目的

回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池技术不仅能提取有价金属、减少资源浪费，还能缓解对进口锂资源的依赖，促进能源产业转型和技术进步。然而面对废旧锂电子电池的爆发式增长，如何更加高效地回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池成为了至关重要的问题，需要对回收机制及技术开展更加深入的研究。

方法

本文系统梳理并总结了废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极材料的回收利用最新研究进展，重点分析废旧磷酸锂铁电池预处理技术（放电、破碎、分离）和有价金属回收技术（火法、湿法、电化学、机械化学）的原理、优缺点及应用前景，并分析了磷酸铁锂正极材料原位再生的固相与液相工艺特点，探讨工艺的问题及挑战。

结果

研究表明，对于废旧磷酸铁锂电池的回收技术，各种方法各有优劣。回收技术中，火法工艺操作简单，但能耗较高；湿法工艺具有较高的回收效率，但试剂消耗大；电化学法虽环保高效，但设备成本较高；机械化学法操作较为简便，但对设备性能要求较高。此外，原位再生技术能够直接恢复废旧电池材料的电化学性能，但在成本控制和工艺效率方面仍存在一定挑战。不同预处理技术与回收工艺的结合进一步增加了成本、效率及技术复杂性。

结论

因此，为实现废旧磷酸铁锂电池高效、低成本和环保的回收，需要优化现有工艺或开发绿色、低成本的新工艺，以提升有价金属的回收率和再生材料的性能。此外推动回收技术的规模化和工业化应用，并制定和完善相关政策法规也是亟待解决的问题。本研究为实现电池产业的可持续发展提供参考。

Abstract

Objective

The recycling technology of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries not only extracts valuable metals and reduces resource waste but also alleviates dependence on imported lithium resources

promoting industrial transformation and technological advancement. However

in the face of the explosive growth of waste lithium electronic batteries

how to recycle waste lithium iron phosphate batteries more efficiently has become a crucial issue

necessitating more in-depth research on recycling mechanisms and technologies.

Methods

In this paper

the latest research progress in the recycling of cathode materials for waste lithium iron phosphate batteries is systematically reviewed and summarized. The principle

advantages and disadvantages and application prospects of pretreatment technology (discharge

crushing and separation) and valuable metal recovery technology (pyrometallurgy

wet process

electrochemistry and mechanochemistry) of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries are analyzed. The solid phase and liquid phase process characteristics of in-situ regeneration of lithium iron phosphate cathode materials are analyzed

and the problems and challenges of the process are discussed.

Results

Existing research shows that for the recycling technology of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries

various methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the recycling process

pyrometallurgy is simple to operate but has high energy consumption; hydrometallurgy has high recovery efficiency but consumes a lot of reagents; electrochemical methods are environmentally friendly and efficient but have high equipment costs; mechanochemical methods are relatively simple to operate but require high equipment performance. In addition

in-situ regeneration technology can directly restore the electrochemical performance of waste battery materials

but there are still certain challenges in cost control and process efficiency. The combination of different pretreatment technologies and recovery processes further increases costs

efficiency

and technical complexity.

Conclusion

Therefore

to achieve efficient

low-cost

and environmentally friendly recycling of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries

it is necessary to optimize existing processes or develop new green

low-cost processes to improve the recovery rate of valuable metals and the performance of regenerated materials. Additionally

promoting the scaling and industrial application of recycling technologies

as well as formulating and improving relevant policies and regulations

are also urgent issues to be addressed. This paper summarizes the latest progress in recycling technology

providing a reference for the sustainable development of the battery industry.

关键词

Keywords

references

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