1.南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院,江苏 南京 210094
2.南京理工大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏 南京 210094
李勃森(2002—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事锂离子电池正极材料等方面的研究,2623713045@qq.com;
胡锦桥(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事钠离子电池的钒基氟磷酸盐正极材料等方面的研究,hujinqiao@njust.edu.cn;
喻斌恺(2000—),男,博士研究生,主要从事锂离子电池正极材料等方面的研究,ybk19144615232021@163.com
黎晔(2002—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事锂离子电池正极材料等方面的研究,1099497508@qq.com;
王卉(1987—),男,副教授,主要从事烟气脱氯/汞系统应用及在线监测等方面的研究,wanghui22@njust.edu.cn;
张胜利(1984—),男,教授,主要从事光电材料的计算与机器学习等方面的研究,zhangslvip@njust.edu.cn;
陈明哲(1990—),男,教授,主要从事二次电池材料与器件等方面的研究,chenmingzhe@njust.edu.cn。
收稿:2025-04-15,
录用:2025-06-10,
纸质出版:2025-06-15
移动端阅览
李勃森,胡锦桥,喻斌恺,等.极端条件下电化学储能材料及器件关键问题及应用挑战[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(3):426-436.
LI Bosen, HU Jinqiao, YU Binkai, et al. Key issues and application challenges of electrochemical energy storage materials and devices under extreme conditions[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(3):426-436.
李勃森,胡锦桥,喻斌恺,等.极端条件下电化学储能材料及器件关键问题及应用挑战[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(3):426-436. DOI: 10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.008.
LI Bosen, HU Jinqiao, YU Binkai, et al. Key issues and application challenges of electrochemical energy storage materials and devices under extreme conditions[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(3):426-436. DOI: 10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.008.
目的
2
在能源结构向低碳化转型的背景下,电化学储能技术凭借其高效能量转换效率,已成为推动可再生能源规模化应用的关键支撑。然而,极端环境下储能器件的性能退化问题,显著限制了其实际应用潜力。为系统研究极端环境对电化学储能材料及器件的关键影响机制,提出针对性优化策略,提升储能器件的极端环境适应性。
方法
2
本文系统梳理了极端环境对电化学储能材料及器件的关键影响机制,通过分析低温、高温、电解质及高盐度四类极端环境的作用机理,聚焦于四类优化策略:低温电解液改性、耐高温电极材料开发、仿生界面缓冲结构构建及抗盐腐蚀材料研发。
结果
2
改性策略显著提升了储能器件的极端环境适应性:1)低温电解液改性,基于深共晶溶剂与高浓度锂盐的电解液,在-50 ℃下实现离子电导率4.8 mS/cm,循环效率达92%;2)耐高温材料开发,钠超离子导体型复合正极在80 ℃下循环500 次后容量保持率为91.3%;3)界面工程优化,仿生梯度缓冲层设计使电极在15 MPa机械应力下界面分层率降低67%,循环寿命延长3倍;4)抗盐腐蚀材料,疏水性二维新型材料(MXene)/聚合物复合涂层在高盐度环境中将腐蚀速率抑制至0.02 mm/a,电化学效率衰减率下降58%。
结论
2
未来研究应聚焦零应变合金电极、仿生离子通道电解质等关键材料,构建多尺度失效分析模型与标准评估体系。通过跨学科融合,推动电化学储能技术从实验室向深海、深空等极端环境规模化应用,支撑全球能源转型。
Objective
2
Under the background of the transformation of energy structure to decarbonisation
electrochemical energy storage technology has become a key support to promote the large-scale application of renewable energy by virtue of its high energy conversion efficiency. However
the performance degradation of energy storage devices in extreme environments has significantly limited their practical application potential. In order to systematically study the key impact mechanisms of extreme environments on electrochemical energy storage materials and devices
we propose targeted optimisation strategies to enhance the adaptability of energy storage devices to extreme environments.
Methods
2
This paper systematically investigates the key influence mechanisms of extreme environments on electrochemical energy storage materials and devices
and focuses on four optimisation strategies by analysing the mechanism of four types of extreme environments: low-temperature electrolyte modification
high-temperature-resistant electrode material development
biomimetic interfacial buffer structure construction
and salt corrosion-resistant material research and development.
Results
2
The modification strategy significantly improves the adaptability of energy storage devices to extreme environments: 1) low-temperature electrolyte modification
based on deep eutectic solvent and high concentration of lithium salt electrolyte
achieving ionic conductivity of 4.8 mS/cm at -50 ℃
with a cycling efficiency of 92%; 2) development of high-temperature-resistant materials
the NASICON-type composite cathode has a capacity retention rate of 91.3% after cycling for 500 times at 80 ℃. (3) interface engineering optimization
bionic gradient buffer layer design makes the electrode under 15 MPa mechanical stress interface delamination rate reduced by 67%
the cycle life is extended by 3 times; (4) anti-salt corrosion materials
hydrophobic two-dimensional new material (MXene)/polymer composite coatings in the high-salinity environment will be the corrosion rate suppressed to 0.02 mm/a
the electrochemical efficiency of the attenuation rate decreased by 58%.
Conclusion
2
Future research should focus on key materials such as zero-strain alloy electrodes and biomimetic ion-channel electrolytes
and build a multi-scale failure analysis model and standard evaluation system. Through interdisciplinary integration
electrochemical energy storage technology will be promoted from the laboratory to the extreme environments such as deep sea and deep space for large-scale application
supporting the global energy transition.
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