植物基活性炭的制备及其在发电领域的应用

温霄瑨; 马达夫; 李汪繁; 吴何来; 丁先

doi:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.005

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植物基活性炭的制备及其在发电领域的应用

双碳背景下电力行业绿色催化技术 | 更新时间：2026-10-14

- 植物基活性炭的制备及其在发电领域的应用
- Preparation of plant-based activated carbon and its application in the field of power generation
- 电力科技与环保 2025年41卷第3期页码：393-404
- 作者机构：
  
  上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司，上海 200240
- 作者简介：
  
  温霄瑨（1997—），女，助理工程师，主要从事生物质高价值利用等方面的研究，wenxiaojin@speri.com.cn；
  马达夫（1989—），男，高级工程师，主要从事火电灵活性及生物质能高效利用等方面的研究，madafu@speri.com.cn；
  李汪繁（1988—），男，教授级高级工程师，主要从事能源安全清洁高效智慧利用等方面的研究，liwangfan@speri.com.cn；
  吴何来（1989—），男，高级工程师，主要从事火电清洁低碳化发展等方面的研究，wuhelai@speri.com.cn；
  丁先（1994—），男，工程师，主要从事燃烧过程污染物防治等方面的研究，dingxian@speri.com.cn。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.005
  中图分类号： TK437;TQ424.1
- 收稿：2025-01-10，
  
  录用：2025-05-10，
  
  纸质出版：2025-06-15
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
温霄瑨,马达夫,李汪繁，等.植物基活性炭的制备及其在发电领域的应用[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(3):393-404.

WEN Xiaojin, MA Dafu, LI Wangfan, et al. Preparation of plant-based activated carbon and its application in the field of power generation[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(3):393-404.
温霄瑨,马达夫,李汪繁，等.植物基活性炭的制备及其在发电领域的应用[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(3):393-404. DOI： 10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.005.

WEN Xiaojin, MA Dafu, LI Wangfan, et al. Preparation of plant-based activated carbon and its application in the field of power generation[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(3):393-404. DOI： 10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.005.

摘要

目的

本文旨在系统梳理植物基活性炭的制备技术，分析炭化、活化及改性等关键工艺的参数对其性能的影响，并通过经济性分析评估其应用潜力，以推动其在发电领域的规模化应用。

方法

围绕植物基活性炭的制备过程，系统对比直接炭化、水热炭化和微波炭化不同炭化方法与物理、化学、物理化学、微波辅助化学和催化活化不同活化方法对活性炭孔隙结构、比表面积及吸附性能的影响规律；探讨物理、化学及金属负载改性方法对表面官能团和选择性的调控机制；结合发电领域需求阐述其具体应用场景。

结果

研究表明，（1）直接炭化升温速率比水热更快，但能耗更高，但水热炭化过程能耗较低、制得活性炭特性较广，因此有更为广泛的应用；（2）物理活化使用O

作为活化剂能够有效降低活化温度。化学活化、物理化学活化主要调节的分别是活性炭的表面性质和孔径分布；微波辅助和催化活化都能在一定程度提高活化反应过程，微波辅助活化能够降低活性炭表面酸性，催化活化根据金属氧化物催化剂颗粒尺寸的不同，使活性炭孔径分布调节至某一范围；（3）经济性分析表明，结合气化供热/发电可降低总体能耗，植物基活性炭生产成本较煤基降低30%~50%，更具经济性；（4）在发电领域，植物基活性炭可吸附二噁英，效率达99%以上，并可同步脱硫脱硝；作为电解水催化剂载体，可将产氢速率提升45%；作为超级电容器材料，能量密度达到136.6 W·h/kg，综合性能显著优于传统材料。

结论

植物基活性炭凭借高比表面积、可调控的孔隙结构及丰富的表面官能团，在电厂烟气处理、电催化及储能领域展现出广阔应用前景。未来需进一步优化制备工艺的能效与经济性，推动其向规模化发展，助力电力行业低碳化发展。

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this paper is to systematically sort out the preparation technology of plant-based activated carbon

analyse the influence of key process parameters such as carbonisation

activation and modification on its performance

and assess its application potential through economic analysis in order to promote its large-scale application in the field of power generation.

Methods

Focusing on the preparation process of plant-based activated carbon

we systematically compare the effects of different carbonisation methods

such as direct carbonisation

hydrothermal carbonisation and microwave carbonisation

and different activation methods

such as physical

chemical

physicochemical

microwave-assisted chemical and catalytic activation

on the pore structure

specific surface area and adsorption performance of the activated carbon; we also explore the regulation mechanism of surface functional groups and selectivity by physical

chemical and metal-loaded modification methods; we elaborate its specific application scenarios based on the needs of the power generation field. The study also discusses the modulation mechanism of surface functional groups and selectivity by physical

chemical and metal loading modification methods.

Results

The study shows that (1) direct carbonisation is faster than hydrothermal carbonisation

but with higher energy consumption

but hydrothermal carbonisation has lower energy consumption and wider characteristics of activated carbon

so it has a wider application; (2) physical activation can effectively reduce the activation temperature by using O2 as an activator. Chemical activation and physicochemical activation mainly regulate the surface properties and pore size distribution of activated carbon

respectively; microwave-assisted and catalytic activation can improve the activation reaction process to a certain extent; microwave-assisted activation can reduce the surface acidity of activated carbon

and catalytic activation can regulate the pore size distribution of activated carbon to a certain range according to the difference in the sizes of the metal-oxide catalyst particles; (3) the economic analysis shows that combining the gasification with the gasification can reduce the energy consumption. heating/power generation can reduce energy consumption

and the production cost of plant-based activated carbon can be reduced by 30%~50% compared with coal-based

and it's more economical (4) in the field of power generation

plant-based activated carbon can adsorb dioxin with an efficiency of more than 99% and can be desulphurised and denitrified at the same time; as a catalyst carrier for electrolysis of water

it can increase the rate of hydrogen production by 45%; and as a supercapacitor material

it can achieve an energy density of 136.6 W·h/kg

which is significantly better than traditional materials.

Conclusion

Plant-based activated carbon

with its high specific surface area

adjustable pore structure and rich surface functional groups

shows a broad application prospect in the fields of flue gas treatment

electrocatalysis and energy storage in power plants. In the future

it is necessary to further optimise the energy efficiency and economy of the preparation process

and to promote its technical large-scale development

so as to help the low-carbon development of the power industry.

关键词

Keywords

references

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