and experimental tests are conducted to investigate the impact of different numbers of shaded cells and shading patterns on the actual output performance of VIPV modules. The results indicate that shading on a single module significantly affects the output voltage
current
and power of the VIPV module. As the number of shaded cells increases
the output performance decreases by up to 98%. Regarding different shading patterns
double-row shading results in a greater reduction in output performance compared to single-row shading. When the shaded area exceeds 20% of the module's surface
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