基于不同光伏组件碳足迹差异的光伏电站碳减排分析

杨若婷; 张嘉宸; 付少杰; 马鸿元; 李雪红; 朱旭

doi:10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2026.250327

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基于不同光伏组件碳足迹差异的光伏电站碳减排分析

新能源 | 更新时间：2026-10-10

- 基于不同光伏组件碳足迹差异的光伏电站碳减排分析
- Carbon Emission Reduction Analysis of Photovoltaic Power Stations Based on Carbon Footprint Differences of Different Photovoltaic Modules
- 动力工程学报 2026年46卷第5期页码：117-126
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 国家电投集团青海光伏产业创新中心有限公司,青海,西宁,810000
  2. 国家电投集团能源科学技术研究院,上海,200240
  3. 国家电投集团黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司,陕西,西安,710000
- 作者简介：
  
  杨若婷(1991—),女,陕西西安人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为光伏发电技术、光伏生态。朱旭(通信作者),男,工程师,硕士,E-mail:zhuxu_1210@163.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家电力投资集团有限公司科研项目(B1类KYTC2023GF01)
- DOI：10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2026.250327
  中图分类号： TM615
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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杨若婷, 张嘉宸, 付少杰, 马鸿元, 李雪红, 朱旭. 基于不同光伏组件碳足迹差异的光伏电站碳减排分析[J]. 动力工程学报, 2026, 46(5): 117-126.
杨若婷, 张嘉宸, 付少杰, 马鸿元, 李雪红, 朱旭. 基于不同光伏组件碳足迹差异的光伏电站碳减排分析[J]. 动力工程学报, 2026, 46(5): 117-126. DOI： 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2026.250327.

DOI： 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2026.250327

摘要

为定量评估光伏电站全生命周期碳排放特征及不同组件技术路径的碳足迹差异

以西北地区一座装机容量为100 MW的光伏电站为研究对象

采用生命周期评价法(LCA)开展全生命周期碳足迹核算

并分析发射极和背面钝化电池(PERC)、隧道氧化层钝化接触(TOPCon)和异质结(HJT)3种主流组件在 2025—2050 年间的碳足迹演变趋势

同时构建生产工艺优化、电池转换效率提升、能源结构清洁化和退役光伏组件回收4种情景

对其减排潜力进行评估。结果表明:在填埋与再利用2种末期处置情景下

该电站全生命周期碳排放总量分别为89 908.96 t 和81 048.54 t

其中上游光伏组件生产阶段贡献最大。3种电池技术的碳足迹呈现PERC＞TOPCon＞HJT的排序特征

预测三类电池的碳足迹会持续下降

至2050年降幅达24%~40%。在不同减排情景中

能源结构清洁化的减排效果最为显著

可使总排放量降低36.87%~53.72%。结果表明:上游制造环节与能源结构是影响光伏电站碳足迹的关键因素

推动电力系统低碳转型与高效电池技术应用对实现光伏产业深度减排具有重要意义。

Abstract

To quantitatively assess the life-cycle carbon emission characteristics of photovoltaic power stations and the differences in the carbon footprints of various module technologies

a 100 MW photovoltaic power station in Northwest China was selected as the research object. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was employed to calculate the life-cycle carbon footprint

and the the carbon footprint evolution trends from 2025 to 2050 were analyzed for three mainstream modules: Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC)

Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon)

and Heterojunction (HJT). Furthermore

four scenarios

including production process optimization

cell conversion efficiency enhancement

energy structure cleaning

and end-of-life PV modules recycling

were constructed to evaluate emission reduction potential. The results show that under the two end-of-life disposal scenarios of landfill and reuse

the total life-cycle carbon emissions of the power station are 89 908.96 t and 81 048.54 t

respectively

with the upstream PV module production stage contributing the most. The carbon footprints of the three cell technologies follow the order of PERC > TOPCon > HJT. It is predicted that the carbon footprints of the three types of cells will continue to decline

reaching a reduction of 24%-40% by 2050. Among the different emission reduction scenarios

the energy structure cleaning demonstrates the most significant emission reduction effect

capable of reducing total emissions by 36.87%-53.72%. The results indicate that upstream manufacturing and energy structure are key factors influencing the carbon footprint of PV power stations

and promoting the low-carbon transformation of the power system and the application of high-efficiency cell technologies is of great significance for achieving deep emission reductions in the PV industry.

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