容量补偿机制下抽水蓄能电站日前电能量市场竞价策略研究

马同涛; 才琬彤; 刘敦楠; 赵泽天; 张红军

doi:10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251362

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容量补偿机制下抽水蓄能电站日前电能量市场竞价策略研究

应用研究 | 更新时间：2026-07-27

- 容量补偿机制下抽水蓄能电站日前电能量市场竞价策略研究
- Bidding strategy of pumped storage hydropower stations in the day ahead energy market under a capacity compensation mechanism
- 电力系统保护与控制 2026年54卷第13期
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- DOI：10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251362
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- 纸质出版：2026
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马同涛, 才琬彤, 刘敦楠, 等. 容量补偿机制下抽水蓄能电站日前电能量市场竞价策略研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2026,54(13).

MA Tongtao, CAI Wantong, LIU Dunnan, et al. Bidding strategy of pumped storage hydropower stations in the day ahead energy market under a capacity compensation mechanism[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(13).
马同涛, 才琬彤, 刘敦楠, 等. 容量补偿机制下抽水蓄能电站日前电能量市场竞价策略研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2026,54(13). DOI： 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251362.

MA Tongtao, CAI Wantong, LIU Dunnan, et al. Bidding strategy of pumped storage hydropower stations in the day ahead energy market under a capacity compensation mechanism[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026, 54(13). DOI： 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.251362.

摘要

在新能源高渗透率与电力市场化改革深化背景下，针对独立运营抽水蓄能在关键时段承担供电保障责任的前提下，参与日前电能量市场的竞价决策问题，提出考虑容量履约约束的竞价决策模型。首先，构建容量承诺与履约缺口的连续变量表征方法，并将持续供电时长嵌入关键保障时段可用容量评估，实现履约约束与能量可行性的统一刻画。其次，在收益函数中纳入容量补偿结算与缺口罚金，引入容量收益强度指标(capacity earnings intensity

CEI)以量化容量收益的贡献度。进而，建立以电站净收益最大化为上层目标、以市场购电成本最小化为下层目标的主从博弈模型，并利用KKT条件将其等价转化为混合整数线性规划模型进行求解。基于IEEE30节点系统的算例结果表明，容量补偿机制可引导抽水蓄能在关键保障时段前提高库能留存并优化报价与充放电安排，从而降低履约缺口并改善收益结构，增强关键时段可用性水平。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of high renewable penetration and the deepening reform of electricity markets

a bidding decision model is proposed for independently operated pumped-storage stations undertaking power supply security responsibilities during critical hours while participating in the day-ahead energy market. First

a continuous-variable representation method for capacity commitments and compliance shortfalls is developed. By embedding the sustained supply duration requirement into the assessment of critical-hour available capacity

a unified characterization of compliance constraints and energy feasibility is achieved. Second

capacity compensation settlement and shortfall penalties are incorporated into the profit function. A capacity earnings intensity (CEI) index is introduced to quantify the contribution of capacity-related revenues. Furthermore

a leader-follower (Stackelberg) game model is established

with the upper level objective of maximizing the plant net profit and the lower level objective of minimizing the market purchase cost. By employing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions

the bi-level model is transformed into an equivalent mixed-integer linear programming problem for solution. Case studies based on the IEEE30-bus system show that the capacity compensation mechanism encourages pumped-storage hydropower stations to retain more reservoir energy before critical reliability periods and optimize their bidding as well as charge/discharge schedules. Consequently

compliance shortfalls are reduced

the revenue structure is improved

and the critical-period availability is enhanced.

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references

LI Chaojie, JIANG Youquan, DAI Jiang, et al. Capacity market in the decarbonization era: adequacy, flexibility, and environmental revenue[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation, 2024, 18(16): 3944-3954.

ZHANG Xuan, CHEN Zhongfei, LIU Sijie, et al. Grid company income analysis based on pumped storage participating the spot market with various bidding strategies[J]. Energy Reports, 2022, 8: 226-236.

JU Chang, DING Tao, JIA Wenhao, et al. Two-stage robust unit commitment with the cascade hydropower stations retrofitted with pump stations[J]. Applied Energy, 2023, 334.

ZHONG Zhiming, FAN Neng, WU Lei. A hybrid robust-stochastic optimization approach for day-ahead scheduling of cascaded hydroelectric system in restructured electricity market[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2023, 306(2): 909-926.

JUKIĆ D-K, KUGI A, KEMMETMÜLLER W. Optimal operation of pumped storage power plants with fixed- and variable-speed generators in multiple electricity markets considering overload operation[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 88.

YANG Bo, ZHOU Yimin, YAN Yunfeng, et al. A critical and comprehensive handbook for game theory applications on new power systems: structure, methodology, and challenges[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2025, 10(5): 1-27.

HUANG Shanshan, YE Ze, HUANG Yunxiang. Capacity tariff mechanism design for grid-side energy storage in China: a Stackelberg game approach[J]. Utilities Policy, 2025, 95.

TIAN Bingying, HE Yongxiu, ZHOU Jinghan, et al. Cost-sharing mechanisms for pumped storage plants at different market stages in China[J]. Renewable Energy, 2023, 217.

MEHRTASH M, HOBBS B F, ELA E. Reserve and energy scarcity pricing in United States power markets: a comparative review of principles and practices[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2023, 183.

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