1. 重庆理工大学机械工程学院
2. 重庆科技大学机械与智能制造学院
纸质出版:2026
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柳家豪, 谢双义, 刘峻宏, 等. 基于模型预测控制系统的风力机塔顶载荷抑制与功率优化[J]. 热力发电, 2026,(7).
柳家豪, 谢双义, 刘峻宏, et al. 基于模型预测控制系统的风力机塔顶载荷抑制与功率优化[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026, (7).
柳家豪, 谢双义, 刘峻宏, 等. 基于模型预测控制系统的风力机塔顶载荷抑制与功率优化[J]. 热力发电, 2026,(7). DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510058.
柳家豪, 谢双义, 刘峻宏, et al. 基于模型预测控制系统的风力机塔顶载荷抑制与功率优化[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026, (7). DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510058.
【目的】针对风力机在复杂风况下的塔顶载荷抑制与功率优化需求,构建了基于速度驱动线性化的模型预测控制(MPC)方法。【方法】该方法采用准线性参数变化建模,对风力机非线性动力学进行描述,并将风速扰动引入为状态变量,从而显著提高了对风速波动的预测精度与控制响应能力。利用拉格朗日方程对风力机的主导动力学特性进行降阶建模,并与FAST仿真工具进行对比,验证其可靠性,为控制策略的快速迭代设计提供了重要支持。以NREL 5 MW参考风力机为研究对象,设计了结合发电机转矩和叶片桨距角调节的多目标优化控制器。【结果】仿真结果表明,所提出的MPC控制器在塔顶载荷抑制、电机功率平稳性以及整体系统鲁棒性方面表现优于基线控制器,特别是在高风速条件下效果更为显著。【结论】该研究为风力机运行的安全性和效率提升提供了理论支撑。
[Objective] Wind turbines operating in turbulent and rapidly varying wind fields are subject to pronounced aerodynamic thrust fluctuations
which propagate into drivetrain and tower dynamics and may accelerate fatigue damage
especially at and above rated wind speed. Conventional baseline controllers for utilityscale turbines typically rely on gain-scheduled PI pitch regulation and region-based torque control. Although robust and widely adopted
such schemes have limited capability to explicitly trade off multiple
coupled objectives(e.g.
tower-top load mitigation and power smoothing) under strongly nonlinear and time-varying aerodynamics. This study aims to develop a computationally efficient control-oriented framework that jointly suppresses tower-top foreaft loads and improves power output quality for a large wind turbine under complex wind conditions. [Methods] A velocity-driven linearization quasi-linear parameter-varying(quasi-LPV) model predictive control(MPC) strategy is proposed. The key idea is to represent the nonlinear turbine dynamics through state and input rate variables
thereby reducing the dependence on stored steady-state vectors across operating points and improving online tractability. To support MPC design
the dominant turbine dynamics are captured via a reduced-order nonlinear model derived from the Lagrange formulation
including the primary rotor/generator rotational dynamics
drivetrain torsion
and tower fore-aft motion. The reduced model is validated against the FAST simulation environment under a stepwise wind profile spanning 4~24 m/s
using time-domain responses of rotor speed
generator speed
aerodynamic thrust
generator power
pitch angle
and tower-top fore-aft acceleration. For control synthesis
wind speed disturbance is explicitly introduced as an augmented state to enhance the prediction of wind fluctuations and to improve disturbance accommodation. A multi-objective MPC is then constructed with coordinated generator torque and collective pitch commands
subject to actuator dynamics(second-order pitch actuator model) and operational constraints. The controller is evaluated on the NREL 5 MW reference wind turbine. Representative load cases are defined according to IEC-oriented settings for the Ijmuiden site
covering mean hub-height wind speeds from near-rated to high wind speed(e.g.
approximately 11.7~20.0 m/s) with associated turbulence intensities. [Results] Model validation shows high consistency between the reduced-order model and FAST in both transient behavior and steady-state gains across below-rated and above-rated regions; the largest steady-state discrepancy occurs near rated wind speed and is most visible in rotor thrust(on the order of several percent)
while key controlrelevant outputs such as generator power and tower-top acceleration remain in acceptable agreement. In closed-loop simulations
the proposed MPC achieves substantial reductions in rotor-speed variability and tower-top fore–aft acceleration compared with the baseline controller
and the improvement becomes more pronounced at higher wind speeds. Across the studied load cases
the standard deviation of rotor speed is reduced by roughly 60% to 90%
and the standard deviation of tower-top fore–aft acceleration is reduced by approximately 20% to nearly 70%. Generator power peaks are also mitigated(on the order of 6%~13%)
lowering overload risk. Near rated conditions
a modest increase in power standard deviation may occur due to the inherent regime transition and the multi-objective weighting that prioritizes structural load alleviation; however
under higher wind speeds
power fluctuations are markedly reduced(tens of percent up to nearly 90%). Moreover
augmenting the wind speed disturbance as a state yields additional benefits in a representative high-wind case
further reducing tower-top acceleration variability and power fluctuation relative to an MPC design without wind disturbance augmentation. [Conclusion] This work demonstrates that a velocity-based linearization quasi-LPV MPC framework
supported by a validated Lagrangebased reduced-order turbine model and an augmented wind-disturbance state
can effectively balance tower-top load suppression and power optimization for a utility-scale wind turbine in complex winds. The controller provides stronger robustness and multi-objective coordination than the baseline strategy
with particularly significant gains in high-wind operating regions. The proposed methodology offers a practical pathway for rapid MPC iteration and for extending verification to other turbine classes and structural configurations in future studies.
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