氢燃料微混燃烧器结构参数对混合特性影响的数值研究

李欣宇; 刘爱虢; 李树莹; 张云杰; 张力哲

doi:10.19666/j.rlfd.202509027

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氢燃料微混燃烧器结构参数对混合特性影响的数值研究

热能科学研究 | 更新时间：2026-06-12

- 氢燃料微混燃烧器结构参数对混合特性影响的数值研究
- 氢燃料微混燃烧器结构参数对混合特性影响的数值研究
- 热力发电 2026年55卷第4期页码：92-103
- 作者机构：
  
  沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  沈阳市科技计划项目（22-322-3-30）;中航产学研合作项目（HFZL2023CXY004）~~
- DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202509027
  中图分类号： TQ052.7
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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[1]李欣宇,刘爱虢,李树莹,等.氢燃料微混燃烧器结构参数对混合特性影响的数值研究[J].热力发电,2026,55(04):92-103.
[1]李欣宇,刘爱虢,李树莹,等.氢燃料微混燃烧器结构参数对混合特性影响的数值研究[J].热力发电,2026,55(04):92-103. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202509027.

DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202509027.

摘要

【目的】随着能源和环境问题日益严峻，氢燃料正受到世界各国的高度重视。氢来源广泛，结合微混燃烧技术可以实现无碳及低氮排放燃烧。微混燃烧器能否实现稳定低污染燃烧，取决于燃料和空气的混合特性及在此基础上的燃烧特性

因此研究微混燃烧器的混合特性非常有必要。【方法】基于自主设计的单级微混燃烧器，采用数值模拟的方法研究了该单级微混燃烧器内的混合及流动特性，探究了其工作原理，对低功率下不同偏移距离、混合距离、空气孔形状以及动量通量比对流场结构及混合特性的影响进行了研究。【结果】数值模拟结果表明：增加偏移距离和混合距离有助于提高混合均匀性。随着偏移距离增加，当量比对混合效果的影响逐渐变大，增加当量比会加快内部涡的合并，外部涡收缩涡流强度会增加;随着混合距离增加到一定长度后，均匀性指数增长逐渐缓慢，同时氢气严重扩散，难以控制在混合区内完成充分混合；燃料射流深度较低时，高宽比和上下面积比小的空气孔混合效果更好

在当量比较低时三角形空气孔的内部涡会对燃料产生较强的卷吸作用；混合均匀性是动量通量比和涡流强度共同作用的结果，在小尺度的横流中，射流动量通量比作用效果比涡流强度更显著，相同动量通量比下，空气孔较小时，混合效果更好。随着动量通量比增大燃料分布呈现出半圆形到水滴形然后到马蹄形的变化趋势。【结论】该研究结果对微混燃烧技术在微型燃气轮机中的优化设计与应用具有参考价值。

Abstract

[Objective] Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global energy and environmental problems

hydrogen fuel is garnering significant attention as a pivotal component of the future sustainable energy landscape by all countries in the world. The advantages of hydrogen are manifold

including its diverse production sources and crucially

the potential to enable carbon-free combustion with low nitrogen oxide emissions when utilized in advanced combustion systems such as micro-mix combustors. The stability and pollutant performance of a micromix combustor depend critically on the fuel-air mixing characteristics and the consequent combustion behavior. Given this critical dependence

it is necessary to study the mixing characteristics of micro-mix combustors. [Methods] This study is based on the self-designed single-stage micro-mixing combustor

and employs numerical simulation to investigate the mixing and flow characteristics of the single-stage micro-mix combustor

exploring its working principle and studying the effects of different offset distances

mixing distances

air hole shapes and momentum flux ratios on the flow field structure and mixing characteristics at low power. [Results] The numerical simulation results show that increasing both the offset distance and mixing distance contributes to improved mixing uniformity. With the increase of the offset distance

the influence of the equivalence ratio on the mixing effect becomes more significant: increasing the equivalence ratio accelerates the merger of internal vortices

while the contraction of external vortices leads to an increase in vorticity magnitude. As the mixing distance increases to a certain distance

the uniformity index growth gradually decelerates

while hydrogen diffusion becomes severe

making it difficult to ensure complete mixing is confined within the mixing zone. When fuel jet depth is low

air holes with small aspect ratios and small upper-lower area ratios achieve better mixing performance. At a low equivalent ratio

the internal vortex of triangular air holes exerts a strong entrainment effect on the fuel. Furthermore

the mixing uniformity is affected by the combined action of the momentum flux ratio and the vorticity magnitude. The momentum flux ratio in the small-scale jet in cross flow has a more significant and pronounced effect on mixing than the vorticity magnitude. When the air hole is smaller under the same momentum flux ratio

the mixing effect is better. With the increase of momentum flux ratio

the fuel distribution shows a trend changing from semicircle to water droplet shape and then to horseshoe shape. [Conclusion] The research provides valuable references for the optimized design and application of micro-mix combustion technology in micro gas turbines.

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references

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