基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法

刘众元; 高义斌; 刘志兵; 梁五洲; 马素霞; 魏绍青; 柳成亮

doi:10.19666/j.rlfd.202502056

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基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法

热能科学研究 | 更新时间：2025-11-21

- 基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法
- Calculation method for banking fire duration of subcritical circulating fluidized bed boilers based on energy balance
- 热力发电 2025年第11期页码：161-168
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  怀柔实验室项目（ZD2023008A）~~
- DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202502056
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- 纸质出版：2025
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刘众元, 高义斌, 刘志兵, 等. 基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法[J]. 热力发电, 2025,(11):161-168.

刘众元, 高义斌, 刘志兵, et al. Calculation method for banking fire duration of subcritical circulating fluidized bed boilers based on energy balance[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025, (11): 161-168.
刘众元, 高义斌, 刘志兵, 等. 基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法[J]. 热力发电, 2025,(11):161-168. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502056.

刘众元, 高义斌, 刘志兵, et al. Calculation method for banking fire duration of subcritical circulating fluidized bed boilers based on energy balance[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025, (11): 161-168. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502056.

摘要

压火时长作为压火调峰的核心控制参数，直接影响机组运行的安全性和经济性。然而，由于压火过程中各热力学参数的复杂耦合与动态特性，现有计算方法难以实现高效、精准计算。针对亚临界CFB锅炉压火调峰，提出一种基于能量平衡的压火时长计算方法，建立压火期间锅炉蓄热量、汽轮机利用热量与散热量的动态平衡模型，推导出床料、浇注料、金属受热面、工质及碳燃烧等关键热源的蓄放热公式，最终计算得到压火时长。以某300 MW亚临界CFB机组为例，计算值与实测值绝对误差控制在5 min内，相对误差小于10%，能够满足压火调峰工程需要。研究结果表明：蓄热方面，金属受热面蓄热对压火时长的贡献度为35%～41%、床料与浇注料的贡献度各约20%、床料中碳燃烧的贡献度为10%～15%，气体和工质蓄热的贡献度不足2%，可忽略；耗热方面，发电耗热占比最高，且随电负荷增大而增大，汽轮机克服本身转动阻力所需的热占比约20%，机组散热占比低于5%。通过提高压火初始温度、增加床料量、燃用高挥发分煤种、降低机组压火期间电负荷可显著延长压火时长。通常只有将压火期间平均电负荷降低至1%额定负荷以下，压火时长才能够大于2 h。

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