With the rapid development of renewable energy

the demand for grid-scale energy storage solutions is increasing to address the challenges posed by intermittent and variable power generation. As an integration of various mature electrothermal conversion and storage technologies

Carnot battery is gaining increasing attentions due to its scalability and independence from geographical constraints. The fundamental principles

key technologies

application prospects and current research status of Carnot battery are reviewed. The definition of high-temperature Carnot battery technology and the operational characteristics and technical challenges of related key equipment such as compressors and expanders are discussed. Additionally

practical application cases and technological prospects of Carnot battery systems based on electric heating and bidirectional cycles(such as Brayton and Rankine cycles) are analyzed

providing a reference for future research and technological development.