Zhengyu Xu, Xiaochen Liu, Ji Zhang, 等. Flexibility Evaluation Framework Integrating Supply and Demand for High Renewable Share Power Systems[J]. 中国电机工程学会电力与能源系统学报(英文), 2025,11(6):2729-2742.
Zhengyu Xu, Xiaochen Liu, Ji Zhang, et al. Flexibility Evaluation Framework Integrating Supply and Demand for High Renewable Share Power Systems[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, 11(6): 2729-2742.
Zhengyu Xu, Xiaochen Liu, Ji Zhang, 等. Flexibility Evaluation Framework Integrating Supply and Demand for High Renewable Share Power Systems[J]. 中国电机工程学会电力与能源系统学报(英文), 2025,11(6):2729-2742.DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.03020.
Zhengyu Xu, Xiaochen Liu, Ji Zhang, et al. Flexibility Evaluation Framework Integrating Supply and Demand for High Renewable Share Power Systems[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, 11(6): 2729-2742.DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.03020.
Flexibility Evaluation Framework Integrating Supply and Demand for High Renewable Share Power Systems
摘要
Abstract
Flexible resources (FRs) in power systems serve as a critical enabler for integration of high share renewable energy. Conventional planning practices mainly focus on supply-side FRs while neglecting demand-side flexibility potential
which challenges the coordination of multi-source flexibility contributions. This paper presents a comprehensive flexibility evaluation framework integrating both supply-and demand-side resources. First
hydro and pumped storage) and demand-side FRs-including centralized air-conditioning systems with cold storage (CAC-CS)
plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)
distributed battery storage (DBS)
and time-shiftable appliances (TSA)-with parameters extracted from multi-source datasets. Second
a tri-dimensional flexibility metric system encompassing energy shifting
power balancing
and ramp rate is proposed
anchored by baseline net load. Third
a case study of a provincial power system reveals three key trends as the renewable penetration ratio (REPR) rises to 50%: 1) increasing system flexibility requirements dominated by power surplus and upward net load ramping; 2) shifting roles of coal plants toward deficit injection (surplus metrics dropping by >80%) and enhanced pumped storage utilization (4-10 times rise in surplus and ramping metrics); 3) PEV and CAC-CS account for approximately 50% energy shifting flexibility in each season and show similar variation trends in metrics to pumped storage. The framework enables coordinated source-load flexibility planning
demonstrating demand-side FRs' capacity to offset conventional flexibility limitations and support renewable integration targets.