Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Control Framework for HVDC Transmission Converters

Haobo Zhang; Jinyu Wen; Wang Xiang; Weixing Lin; Meng Zhou; Wenping Zuo; Shijie Cheng

doi:10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.02610

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Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Control Framework for HVDC Transmission Converters

Special Issue Commemorating the 10<sup>th</sup> Anniversary of CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems | 更新时间：2026-10-16

- Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Control Framework for HVDC Transmission Converters
- Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Control Framework for HVDC Transmission Converters
- 中国电机工程学会电力与能源系统学报(英文) 2025年11卷第6期页码：2928-2943
- 作者机构：
  
  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China
  2. Gridmind Technology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd,Wuhan,China
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.02610
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2025-11-01
- 稿件说明：
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Haobo Zhang, Jinyu Wen, Wang Xiang, 等. Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Control Framework for HVDC Transmission Converters[J]. 中国电机工程学会电力与能源系统学报(英文), 2025,11(6):2928-2943.

Haobo Zhang, Jinyu Wen, Wang Xiang, et al. Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Control Framework for HVDC Transmission Converters[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, 11(6): 2928-2943.
Haobo Zhang, Jinyu Wen, Wang Xiang, 等. Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Control Framework for HVDC Transmission Converters[J]. 中国电机工程学会电力与能源系统学报(英文), 2025,11(6):2928-2943. DOI： 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.02610.

Haobo Zhang, Jinyu Wen, Wang Xiang, et al. Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Control Framework for HVDC Transmission Converters[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, 11(6): 2928-2943. DOI： 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2025.02610.

摘要

Abstract

This paper systematically investigates the multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DoF) control framework of high voltage direct current (HVDC) converters based on their topological characteristics and control requirements. First

this study reveals that its topology determines the control degrees of freedom (CDoF) of a converter. Specifically

a line-commutated converter (LCC) possesses only one CDoF

a voltage source converter (VSC) has two

and a modular multilevel converter (MMC) can theoretically achieve up to eight. However

only six CDoF are practically necessary for MMC. Despite this

existing MMC control strategies utilize only four CDoF

limiting control flexibility. To overcome this issue

this paper proposes a six-degree-of-freedom (6 DoF) control framework for MMC

which enables asymmetric and precise regulation of DC voltage and SM capacitor voltage compared to the existing MMC control. Based on this framework

corresponding control strategies are designed for MMCs in HVDC systems with different control objectives. Finally

a two-terminal MMC-HVDC system is built on the PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the effectiveness of the proposed 6 DoF control.

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