Landfill sites in China are characterized by high water levels and high air pressures. Despite the proposal of various stability evaluation indicators and grading standards in existing regulations and research

there remains a lack of systematic research on indicator weights and comprehensive risk assessment. Therefore

this study establishes a landfill instability risk assessment index system encompassing seven indicators across four categories: landfill geometric configuration

shear strength of waste soil

liquid and gas occurrence

and rainfall. Through parameter sensitivity analysis

a five-level classification (stable

relatively stable

basically stable

unstable

extremely unstable) is achieved

and set pair analysis is employed to construct the indicator correlation function. The comprehensive weights of the evaluation indicators are determined through the importance ranking of indicators

combined with parameter sensitivity analysis

engineering instability accidents

literature attention statistics

and game theory-based combination weighting. Subsequently

a comprehensive evaluation model for landfill instability risk is established by coupling the comprehensive weights of indicators with the indicator correlation function. This model is then applied to an actual landfill project

and the results are consistent with the actual monitoring data on site

thereby verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of the evaluation model.